Passive Smoking as a Risk Factor of Dry Eye in Children

Purpose. Adult active smoking is a risk factor for dry eye. We hypothesize that passive smoking in children can also produce the same effects. Methods. We included 112 school children presenting with eye discomfort. Assessment of eye dryness and its severity levels depending on symptoms of dry eye,...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Amany Abdel-Fattah El-Shazly, Walid Mohamed Abd El Raouf El-Zawahry, Ahmad Mohamed Hamdy, Manal Basyouni Ahmed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2012-01-01
Series:Journal of Ophthalmology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/130159
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850217030827900928
author Amany Abdel-Fattah El-Shazly
Walid Mohamed Abd El Raouf El-Zawahry
Ahmad Mohamed Hamdy
Manal Basyouni Ahmed
author_facet Amany Abdel-Fattah El-Shazly
Walid Mohamed Abd El Raouf El-Zawahry
Ahmad Mohamed Hamdy
Manal Basyouni Ahmed
author_sort Amany Abdel-Fattah El-Shazly
collection DOAJ
description Purpose. Adult active smoking is a risk factor for dry eye. We hypothesize that passive smoking in children can also produce the same effects. Methods. We included 112 school children presenting with eye discomfort. Assessment of eye dryness and its severity levels depending on symptoms of dry eye, visual symptoms, tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer-1 test, and corneal fluorescein staining were done for all of them. Exposure to cigarette smoking was assessed by history-taking and urinary cotinine levels. Results. Dry eye was found in 80/112 children. Passive smoking was documented in 76/112 children. Number of cigarettes to which the child was exposed per day and the duration of exposure to passive smoking were significantly higher in children with dry eye compared to those without. Urinary cotinine, and cotinine/creatinine ratio (CCR) was significantly higher in children with dry eye compared to those without dry eye. Multiregression analysis showed that the most important determinants of dry eye were CCR and number of cigarettes/day. Conclusion. Passive smoking represents a significant risk factor of dry eye in children comparable to that shown with active adult smoking. Male children are more prone to this effect.
format Article
id doaj-art-2f957942a44a4d8aa87aa905a8ff5145
institution OA Journals
issn 2090-004X
2090-0058
language English
publishDate 2012-01-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Journal of Ophthalmology
spelling doaj-art-2f957942a44a4d8aa87aa905a8ff51452025-08-20T02:08:09ZengWileyJournal of Ophthalmology2090-004X2090-00582012-01-01201210.1155/2012/130159130159Passive Smoking as a Risk Factor of Dry Eye in ChildrenAmany Abdel-Fattah El-Shazly0Walid Mohamed Abd El Raouf El-Zawahry1Ahmad Mohamed Hamdy2Manal Basyouni Ahmed3Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptPurpose. Adult active smoking is a risk factor for dry eye. We hypothesize that passive smoking in children can also produce the same effects. Methods. We included 112 school children presenting with eye discomfort. Assessment of eye dryness and its severity levels depending on symptoms of dry eye, visual symptoms, tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer-1 test, and corneal fluorescein staining were done for all of them. Exposure to cigarette smoking was assessed by history-taking and urinary cotinine levels. Results. Dry eye was found in 80/112 children. Passive smoking was documented in 76/112 children. Number of cigarettes to which the child was exposed per day and the duration of exposure to passive smoking were significantly higher in children with dry eye compared to those without. Urinary cotinine, and cotinine/creatinine ratio (CCR) was significantly higher in children with dry eye compared to those without dry eye. Multiregression analysis showed that the most important determinants of dry eye were CCR and number of cigarettes/day. Conclusion. Passive smoking represents a significant risk factor of dry eye in children comparable to that shown with active adult smoking. Male children are more prone to this effect.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/130159
spellingShingle Amany Abdel-Fattah El-Shazly
Walid Mohamed Abd El Raouf El-Zawahry
Ahmad Mohamed Hamdy
Manal Basyouni Ahmed
Passive Smoking as a Risk Factor of Dry Eye in Children
Journal of Ophthalmology
title Passive Smoking as a Risk Factor of Dry Eye in Children
title_full Passive Smoking as a Risk Factor of Dry Eye in Children
title_fullStr Passive Smoking as a Risk Factor of Dry Eye in Children
title_full_unstemmed Passive Smoking as a Risk Factor of Dry Eye in Children
title_short Passive Smoking as a Risk Factor of Dry Eye in Children
title_sort passive smoking as a risk factor of dry eye in children
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/130159
work_keys_str_mv AT amanyabdelfattahelshazly passivesmokingasariskfactorofdryeyeinchildren
AT walidmohamedabdelraoufelzawahry passivesmokingasariskfactorofdryeyeinchildren
AT ahmadmohamedhamdy passivesmokingasariskfactorofdryeyeinchildren
AT manalbasyouniahmed passivesmokingasariskfactorofdryeyeinchildren