A novel bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition for in-situ synthesis Al–Cu–Li alloy: exploring the microstructure and mechanical properties evolution from as-deposited state to T6 state
A novel bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition (bypass-GMA DED) was proposed to prepare high strength Al–Cu–Li-based components. An Al–5.51Cu–0.48Li alloy was successfully prepared, followed by subsequent T6 treatment. The microstructure evolution and improvement of mechanical properties af...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Virtual and Physical Prototyping |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.2472394 |
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| author | Fenglei Cao Dianlong Wang Yunfei Gu Jiajia Shen Ziwei Bai Zhen Tan Zhimin Liang Zhenzhen Peng Xiao Yang Shaohui Chen Zhi Zeng Liwei Wang J. P. Oliveira |
| author_facet | Fenglei Cao Dianlong Wang Yunfei Gu Jiajia Shen Ziwei Bai Zhen Tan Zhimin Liang Zhenzhen Peng Xiao Yang Shaohui Chen Zhi Zeng Liwei Wang J. P. Oliveira |
| author_sort | Fenglei Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A novel bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition (bypass-GMA DED) was proposed to prepare high strength Al–Cu–Li-based components. An Al–5.51Cu–0.48Li alloy was successfully prepared, followed by subsequent T6 treatment. The microstructure evolution and improvement of mechanical properties after the T6 state were benchmarked against the as-deposited condition. The component fabricated by bypass-GMA DED has obvious periodic distribution characteristics, with a large number of fine equiaxed grains distributed near the interlayer fusion boundary and coarse columnar grains within the intralayer region. After heat treatment, the Al–5.51Cu–0.48Li alloy is mainly composed of four types of strengthening phases, θ′, θ″, δ′ and T1, which contrasts with the sole presence of θ phase in the deposited condition. These phases are conducive to the improvement of mechanical properties. The strength of the prepared alloy is higher than those additively manufactured Al–Cu–Li alloys, reaching values similar to those of conventional third generation Al–Cu–Li alloys. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2f7d8c9d8d2a46879be33125ccd8cbce |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1745-2759 1745-2767 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virtual and Physical Prototyping |
| spelling | doaj-art-2f7d8c9d8d2a46879be33125ccd8cbce2025-08-20T03:39:44ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirtual and Physical Prototyping1745-27591745-27672025-12-0120110.1080/17452759.2025.2472394A novel bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition for in-situ synthesis Al–Cu–Li alloy: exploring the microstructure and mechanical properties evolution from as-deposited state to T6 stateFenglei Cao0Dianlong Wang1Yunfei Gu2Jiajia Shen3Ziwei Bai4Zhen Tan5Zhimin Liang6Zhenzhen Peng7Xiao Yang8Shaohui Chen9Zhi Zeng10Liwei Wang11J. P. Oliveira12Hebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, People’s Republic of ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of ChinaCENIMAT/I3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, PortugalHebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing Aeronautical Technology Research Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, People’s Republic of ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of ChinaCENIMAT/I3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, PortugalA novel bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition (bypass-GMA DED) was proposed to prepare high strength Al–Cu–Li-based components. An Al–5.51Cu–0.48Li alloy was successfully prepared, followed by subsequent T6 treatment. The microstructure evolution and improvement of mechanical properties after the T6 state were benchmarked against the as-deposited condition. The component fabricated by bypass-GMA DED has obvious periodic distribution characteristics, with a large number of fine equiaxed grains distributed near the interlayer fusion boundary and coarse columnar grains within the intralayer region. After heat treatment, the Al–5.51Cu–0.48Li alloy is mainly composed of four types of strengthening phases, θ′, θ″, δ′ and T1, which contrasts with the sole presence of θ phase in the deposited condition. These phases are conducive to the improvement of mechanical properties. The strength of the prepared alloy is higher than those additively manufactured Al–Cu–Li alloys, reaching values similar to those of conventional third generation Al–Cu–Li alloys.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.2472394Bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition (bypass-GMA DED)Al–Cu–Li alloyintermediate alloysmicrostructuremechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Fenglei Cao Dianlong Wang Yunfei Gu Jiajia Shen Ziwei Bai Zhen Tan Zhimin Liang Zhenzhen Peng Xiao Yang Shaohui Chen Zhi Zeng Liwei Wang J. P. Oliveira A novel bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition for in-situ synthesis Al–Cu–Li alloy: exploring the microstructure and mechanical properties evolution from as-deposited state to T6 state Virtual and Physical Prototyping Bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition (bypass-GMA DED) Al–Cu–Li alloy intermediate alloys microstructure mechanical properties |
| title | A novel bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition for in-situ synthesis Al–Cu–Li alloy: exploring the microstructure and mechanical properties evolution from as-deposited state to T6 state |
| title_full | A novel bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition for in-situ synthesis Al–Cu–Li alloy: exploring the microstructure and mechanical properties evolution from as-deposited state to T6 state |
| title_fullStr | A novel bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition for in-situ synthesis Al–Cu–Li alloy: exploring the microstructure and mechanical properties evolution from as-deposited state to T6 state |
| title_full_unstemmed | A novel bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition for in-situ synthesis Al–Cu–Li alloy: exploring the microstructure and mechanical properties evolution from as-deposited state to T6 state |
| title_short | A novel bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition for in-situ synthesis Al–Cu–Li alloy: exploring the microstructure and mechanical properties evolution from as-deposited state to T6 state |
| title_sort | novel bypass gas metal arc directed energy deposition for in situ synthesis al cu li alloy exploring the microstructure and mechanical properties evolution from as deposited state to t6 state |
| topic | Bypass-gas metal arc directed energy deposition (bypass-GMA DED) Al–Cu–Li alloy intermediate alloys microstructure mechanical properties |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.2472394 |
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