Designing an optimized theta-defensin peptide for HIV therapy using in-silico approaches

The glycoproteins 41 (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), located on the virus’s external surface, form six-helix bundles that facilitate viral entry into the host cell. Theta defensins, cyclic peptides, inhibit the formation of these bundles by binding to the GP41 CHR region. RC101, a synt...

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Main Authors: Mosalanejad Zahra, Faraji Seyed Nooreddin, Rahbar Mohammad Reza, Gholami Ahmad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/jib-2023-0053
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author Mosalanejad Zahra
Faraji Seyed Nooreddin
Rahbar Mohammad Reza
Gholami Ahmad
author_facet Mosalanejad Zahra
Faraji Seyed Nooreddin
Rahbar Mohammad Reza
Gholami Ahmad
author_sort Mosalanejad Zahra
collection DOAJ
description The glycoproteins 41 (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), located on the virus’s external surface, form six-helix bundles that facilitate viral entry into the host cell. Theta defensins, cyclic peptides, inhibit the formation of these bundles by binding to the GP41 CHR region. RC101, a synthetic analog of theta-defensin molecules, exhibits activity against various HIV subtypes. Molecular docking of the CHR and RC101 was done using MDockPeP and Hawdock server. The type of bonds and the essential amino acids in binding were identified using AlphaFold3, CHIMERA, RING, and CYTOSCAPE. Mutable amino acids within the peptide were determined using the CUPSAT and Duet. Thirty-two new peptides were designed, and their interaction with the CHR of the gp41 was analyzed. The physicochemical properties, toxicity, allergenicity, and antigenicity of peptides were also investigated. Most of the designed peptides exhibited higher binding affinities to the target compared to RC101; notably, peptides 1 and 4 had the highest binding affinity and demonstrated a greater percentage of interactions with critical amino acids of CHR. Peptides A and E displayed the best physiochemical properties among designed peptides. The designed peptides may present a new generation of anti-HIV drugs, which may reduce the likelihood of drug resistance.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1613-4516
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publishDate 2025-03-01
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series Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics
spelling doaj-art-2f6fd7be83084d289f7ac66b86f2f7d12025-08-20T04:02:32ZengDe GruyterJournal of Integrative Bioinformatics1613-45162025-03-012215739310.1515/jib-2023-0053Designing an optimized theta-defensin peptide for HIV therapy using in-silico approachesMosalanejad Zahra0Faraji Seyed Nooreddin1Rahbar Mohammad Reza2Gholami Ahmad3Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranNoushDaru Intelligent Pars Company, Biotechnology Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.The glycoproteins 41 (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), located on the virus’s external surface, form six-helix bundles that facilitate viral entry into the host cell. Theta defensins, cyclic peptides, inhibit the formation of these bundles by binding to the GP41 CHR region. RC101, a synthetic analog of theta-defensin molecules, exhibits activity against various HIV subtypes. Molecular docking of the CHR and RC101 was done using MDockPeP and Hawdock server. The type of bonds and the essential amino acids in binding were identified using AlphaFold3, CHIMERA, RING, and CYTOSCAPE. Mutable amino acids within the peptide were determined using the CUPSAT and Duet. Thirty-two new peptides were designed, and their interaction with the CHR of the gp41 was analyzed. The physicochemical properties, toxicity, allergenicity, and antigenicity of peptides were also investigated. Most of the designed peptides exhibited higher binding affinities to the target compared to RC101; notably, peptides 1 and 4 had the highest binding affinity and demonstrated a greater percentage of interactions with critical amino acids of CHR. Peptides A and E displayed the best physiochemical properties among designed peptides. The designed peptides may present a new generation of anti-HIV drugs, which may reduce the likelihood of drug resistance.https://doi.org/10.1515/jib-2023-0053hivtheta defensinglycoprotein 41 (gp41)molecular dockingpeptide design
spellingShingle Mosalanejad Zahra
Faraji Seyed Nooreddin
Rahbar Mohammad Reza
Gholami Ahmad
Designing an optimized theta-defensin peptide for HIV therapy using in-silico approaches
Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics
hiv
theta defensin
glycoprotein 41 (gp41)
molecular docking
peptide design
title Designing an optimized theta-defensin peptide for HIV therapy using in-silico approaches
title_full Designing an optimized theta-defensin peptide for HIV therapy using in-silico approaches
title_fullStr Designing an optimized theta-defensin peptide for HIV therapy using in-silico approaches
title_full_unstemmed Designing an optimized theta-defensin peptide for HIV therapy using in-silico approaches
title_short Designing an optimized theta-defensin peptide for HIV therapy using in-silico approaches
title_sort designing an optimized theta defensin peptide for hiv therapy using in silico approaches
topic hiv
theta defensin
glycoprotein 41 (gp41)
molecular docking
peptide design
url https://doi.org/10.1515/jib-2023-0053
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AT farajiseyednooreddin designinganoptimizedthetadefensinpeptideforhivtherapyusinginsilicoapproaches
AT rahbarmohammadreza designinganoptimizedthetadefensinpeptideforhivtherapyusinginsilicoapproaches
AT gholamiahmad designinganoptimizedthetadefensinpeptideforhivtherapyusinginsilicoapproaches