Periodic blinking manipulation of magnetic Janus particles with a tunable electromagnetic field for rapid sensing of extracellular vesicles
Detecting small biological molecules is challenging due to their tiny size, vulnerability, and low concentrations in samples. Bead-based biosensors are frequently used as probes but require tedious processing or expensive instruments. By combining magnetic Janus particles (MJPs) and an electromagnet...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1565479/full |
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| author | Han-Sheng Chuang Han-Sheng Chuang Thi Thanh Huong Pham Yu-Hsuan Chou Chi-Ying F. Huang Ting-Yuan Tu Tai-Hua Yang Tai-Hua Yang Jhih-Cheng Wang Jhih-Cheng Wang Jhih-Cheng Wang |
| author_facet | Han-Sheng Chuang Han-Sheng Chuang Thi Thanh Huong Pham Yu-Hsuan Chou Chi-Ying F. Huang Ting-Yuan Tu Tai-Hua Yang Tai-Hua Yang Jhih-Cheng Wang Jhih-Cheng Wang Jhih-Cheng Wang |
| author_sort | Han-Sheng Chuang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Detecting small biological molecules is challenging due to their tiny size, vulnerability, and low concentrations in samples. Bead-based biosensors are frequently used as probes but require tedious processing or expensive instruments. By combining magnetic Janus particles (MJPs) and an electromagnetic device, we successfully built an active diagnostic tool for the rapid sensing of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). We observed that the system can be altered according to particle size, distance between MJPs and the electromagnet, fluid viscosity, and magnetic field strength. By modulating the driving frequency from low (3 Hz) to high (22 Hz), the MJPs gradually lose their synchrony with the external magnetic field after exceeding a certain threshold termed cutoff frequency. The novel sEVs sensing MJP system was characterized through both theoretical and experimental methods, showing reliable performance in identifying the cancer cell OECM-1-derived sEVs using the CD63 surface marker. A decent sEV concentration of 2.9 × 109 particles mL−1 was reached and a high specificity was also observed. This approach opens a door for the realization of disease screening, such as cancer, using intact exosomes from body fluids without sophisticated processing. These findings provide insight into the future use of MJPs as point-of-care testing tools for liquid biopsy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2f6f89bcda0844399ede3c82d88ba8e5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-2f6f89bcda0844399ede3c82d88ba8e52025-08-20T02:28:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852025-04-011310.3389/fbioe.2025.15654791565479Periodic blinking manipulation of magnetic Janus particles with a tunable electromagnetic field for rapid sensing of extracellular vesiclesHan-Sheng Chuang0Han-Sheng Chuang1Thi Thanh Huong Pham2Yu-Hsuan Chou3Chi-Ying F. Huang4Ting-Yuan Tu5Tai-Hua Yang6Tai-Hua Yang7Jhih-Cheng Wang8Jhih-Cheng Wang9Jhih-Cheng Wang10Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanMedical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanInstitute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Urology, Chimei Medical Center, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, TaiwanSchool of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDetecting small biological molecules is challenging due to their tiny size, vulnerability, and low concentrations in samples. Bead-based biosensors are frequently used as probes but require tedious processing or expensive instruments. By combining magnetic Janus particles (MJPs) and an electromagnetic device, we successfully built an active diagnostic tool for the rapid sensing of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). We observed that the system can be altered according to particle size, distance between MJPs and the electromagnet, fluid viscosity, and magnetic field strength. By modulating the driving frequency from low (3 Hz) to high (22 Hz), the MJPs gradually lose their synchrony with the external magnetic field after exceeding a certain threshold termed cutoff frequency. The novel sEVs sensing MJP system was characterized through both theoretical and experimental methods, showing reliable performance in identifying the cancer cell OECM-1-derived sEVs using the CD63 surface marker. A decent sEV concentration of 2.9 × 109 particles mL−1 was reached and a high specificity was also observed. This approach opens a door for the realization of disease screening, such as cancer, using intact exosomes from body fluids without sophisticated processing. These findings provide insight into the future use of MJPs as point-of-care testing tools for liquid biopsy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1565479/fullmagnetic Janus particlesextracellular vesiclesbiosensorsimmunoassaystunable electromagnetcutoff frequency |
| spellingShingle | Han-Sheng Chuang Han-Sheng Chuang Thi Thanh Huong Pham Yu-Hsuan Chou Chi-Ying F. Huang Ting-Yuan Tu Tai-Hua Yang Tai-Hua Yang Jhih-Cheng Wang Jhih-Cheng Wang Jhih-Cheng Wang Periodic blinking manipulation of magnetic Janus particles with a tunable electromagnetic field for rapid sensing of extracellular vesicles Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology magnetic Janus particles extracellular vesicles biosensors immunoassays tunable electromagnet cutoff frequency |
| title | Periodic blinking manipulation of magnetic Janus particles with a tunable electromagnetic field for rapid sensing of extracellular vesicles |
| title_full | Periodic blinking manipulation of magnetic Janus particles with a tunable electromagnetic field for rapid sensing of extracellular vesicles |
| title_fullStr | Periodic blinking manipulation of magnetic Janus particles with a tunable electromagnetic field for rapid sensing of extracellular vesicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Periodic blinking manipulation of magnetic Janus particles with a tunable electromagnetic field for rapid sensing of extracellular vesicles |
| title_short | Periodic blinking manipulation of magnetic Janus particles with a tunable electromagnetic field for rapid sensing of extracellular vesicles |
| title_sort | periodic blinking manipulation of magnetic janus particles with a tunable electromagnetic field for rapid sensing of extracellular vesicles |
| topic | magnetic Janus particles extracellular vesicles biosensors immunoassays tunable electromagnet cutoff frequency |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1565479/full |
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