The Cultivable Bacteria Colonizing Canine Vagina During Proestrus and Estrus: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study of Influencing Factors
Background: The evaluation of canine vaginal bacteria during proestrus and estrus and the chosen parameters will help to prevent the misuse of antibiotics in veterinary medicine. Methods: This study carried out a retrospective analysis to obtain microbiological examination results for vaginal swabs...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/23/3460 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850106701781401600 |
|---|---|
| author | Sabine Schäfer-Somi Dominik Lechner Alexander Tichy Joachim Spergser |
| author_facet | Sabine Schäfer-Somi Dominik Lechner Alexander Tichy Joachim Spergser |
| author_sort | Sabine Schäfer-Somi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The evaluation of canine vaginal bacteria during proestrus and estrus and the chosen parameters will help to prevent the misuse of antibiotics in veterinary medicine. Methods: This study carried out a retrospective analysis to obtain microbiological examination results for vaginal swabs from 696 healthy dogs, all of whom were patients from one clinic. Age, body weight, fur length (long or short hair), the time of sampling of vaginal swabs, the duration of proestrus/estrus, progesterone (P4) concentration (the first and last samples), and bacteriological findings were evaluated. Results: Only 3.7% (26/696) of the samples were negative for bacteria. The impact of fur length was low. However, the calculation of the odds ratios revealed that the chance for a high-grade growth of <i>Escherichia</i> (<i>E.</i>) <i>coli</i> and <i>Mycoplasma</i> (<i>M.</i>) <i>canis</i> increases with body weight class. The earlier the sampling was performed, the lower the number of high-grade cultures (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The duration between the first and last measurement of progesterone (P4) was positively related to the cultural detection of <i>Pasteurellaceae</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i> spp., and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and negatively to the cultivation of <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings reflect some likely factors contributing to the variability of the physiological vaginal flora in dogs, which may help interpret cultured bacteriological findings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2f6ddca27d77438b8d6a791977fd2886 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-2f6ddca27d77438b8d6a791977fd28862025-08-20T02:38:46ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-11-011423346010.3390/ani14233460The Cultivable Bacteria Colonizing Canine Vagina During Proestrus and Estrus: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study of Influencing FactorsSabine Schäfer-Somi0Dominik Lechner1Alexander Tichy2Joachim Spergser3Clinical Center for Reproduction, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, AustriaClinical Center for Reproduction, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, AustriaInstitute for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, AustriaCenter for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, AustriaBackground: The evaluation of canine vaginal bacteria during proestrus and estrus and the chosen parameters will help to prevent the misuse of antibiotics in veterinary medicine. Methods: This study carried out a retrospective analysis to obtain microbiological examination results for vaginal swabs from 696 healthy dogs, all of whom were patients from one clinic. Age, body weight, fur length (long or short hair), the time of sampling of vaginal swabs, the duration of proestrus/estrus, progesterone (P4) concentration (the first and last samples), and bacteriological findings were evaluated. Results: Only 3.7% (26/696) of the samples were negative for bacteria. The impact of fur length was low. However, the calculation of the odds ratios revealed that the chance for a high-grade growth of <i>Escherichia</i> (<i>E.</i>) <i>coli</i> and <i>Mycoplasma</i> (<i>M.</i>) <i>canis</i> increases with body weight class. The earlier the sampling was performed, the lower the number of high-grade cultures (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The duration between the first and last measurement of progesterone (P4) was positively related to the cultural detection of <i>Pasteurellaceae</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i> spp., and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and negatively to the cultivation of <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings reflect some likely factors contributing to the variability of the physiological vaginal flora in dogs, which may help interpret cultured bacteriological findings.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/23/3460dogsvaginabacteriamycoplasmaestrus |
| spellingShingle | Sabine Schäfer-Somi Dominik Lechner Alexander Tichy Joachim Spergser The Cultivable Bacteria Colonizing Canine Vagina During Proestrus and Estrus: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study of Influencing Factors Animals dogs vagina bacteria mycoplasma estrus |
| title | The Cultivable Bacteria Colonizing Canine Vagina During Proestrus and Estrus: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study of Influencing Factors |
| title_full | The Cultivable Bacteria Colonizing Canine Vagina During Proestrus and Estrus: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study of Influencing Factors |
| title_fullStr | The Cultivable Bacteria Colonizing Canine Vagina During Proestrus and Estrus: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study of Influencing Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Cultivable Bacteria Colonizing Canine Vagina During Proestrus and Estrus: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study of Influencing Factors |
| title_short | The Cultivable Bacteria Colonizing Canine Vagina During Proestrus and Estrus: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study of Influencing Factors |
| title_sort | cultivable bacteria colonizing canine vagina during proestrus and estrus a large scale retrospective study of influencing factors |
| topic | dogs vagina bacteria mycoplasma estrus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/23/3460 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sabineschafersomi thecultivablebacteriacolonizingcaninevaginaduringproestrusandestrusalargescaleretrospectivestudyofinfluencingfactors AT dominiklechner thecultivablebacteriacolonizingcaninevaginaduringproestrusandestrusalargescaleretrospectivestudyofinfluencingfactors AT alexandertichy thecultivablebacteriacolonizingcaninevaginaduringproestrusandestrusalargescaleretrospectivestudyofinfluencingfactors AT joachimspergser thecultivablebacteriacolonizingcaninevaginaduringproestrusandestrusalargescaleretrospectivestudyofinfluencingfactors AT sabineschafersomi cultivablebacteriacolonizingcaninevaginaduringproestrusandestrusalargescaleretrospectivestudyofinfluencingfactors AT dominiklechner cultivablebacteriacolonizingcaninevaginaduringproestrusandestrusalargescaleretrospectivestudyofinfluencingfactors AT alexandertichy cultivablebacteriacolonizingcaninevaginaduringproestrusandestrusalargescaleretrospectivestudyofinfluencingfactors AT joachimspergser cultivablebacteriacolonizingcaninevaginaduringproestrusandestrusalargescaleretrospectivestudyofinfluencingfactors |