Estimation of sunflower planted areas in Ukraine during full-scale Russian invasion: Insights from Sentinel-1 SAR data

Data limitations and attributability issues due to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 presents continuing challenges in assessing production of major commodity crops in Ukraine. Up-to-date satellite imagery provides evidence of rapid changes in cropland within temporary occu...

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Main Authors: Abdul Qadir, Sergii Skakun, Inbal Becker-Reshef, Nataliia Kussul, Andrii Shelestov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Science of Remote Sensing
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666017224000233
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author Abdul Qadir
Sergii Skakun
Inbal Becker-Reshef
Nataliia Kussul
Andrii Shelestov
author_facet Abdul Qadir
Sergii Skakun
Inbal Becker-Reshef
Nataliia Kussul
Andrii Shelestov
author_sort Abdul Qadir
collection DOAJ
description Data limitations and attributability issues due to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 presents continuing challenges in assessing production of major commodity crops in Ukraine. Up-to-date satellite imagery provides evidence of rapid changes in cropland within temporary occupied territories (TOT) by Russia within Ukraine. Ukraine is the world's top producer and exporter of sunflower and, therefore, monitoring, and quantifying changes in areas and production of sunflower is extremely important. We used Sentinel-1 (S1) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to quantify changes in sunflower planted areas in Ukraine during 2021–2022. We developed an operational workflow and produced the first available 20-m resolution sunflower maps over Ukraine. We developed a SAR-based generalized approach for sunflower mapping using a previously developed phenological metric and estimated sunflower planted areas and corresponding changes in 2021 and 2022 using a sample-based approach. Sunflower area was estimated at 7.10 ± 0.45 million hectares (Mha) in 2021 which was reduced to 6.75 ± 0.45 Mha in 2022, reflecting a 5% decrease compared to the preceding year. The reduction was mainly observed in the Russian-occupied regions while we did not find significant changes in sunflower areas in Ukrainian-controlled areas. In addition to traditional sunflower producing regions in the south and south-east of Ukraine we found new sunflower emerging hotspots along the south-central and north-eastern regions. Overall, the decrease in sunflower planted area was less severe than previously expected and reported in media for the entire Ukraine. This study demonstrates the utility of Earth observation data, namely Sentinel-1/SAR, for monitoring sunflower cultivation areas in regions where ground access is not possible or feasible due to armed conflict.
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spelling doaj-art-2f622f9cb4ba4531b7d3ea5109dcb9cc2025-08-20T02:34:20ZengElsevierScience of Remote Sensing2666-01722024-12-011010013910.1016/j.srs.2024.100139Estimation of sunflower planted areas in Ukraine during full-scale Russian invasion: Insights from Sentinel-1 SAR dataAbdul Qadir0Sergii Skakun1Inbal Becker-Reshef2Nataliia Kussul3Andrii Shelestov4Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA; Corresponding author. Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, 2181 LeFrak Hall, MD, 20740, USA.Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA; College of Information Studies (iSchool), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USADepartment of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USADepartment of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA; Space Research Institute NAS Ukraine & SSA Ukraine, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine; National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, 03056, UkraineSpace Research Institute NAS Ukraine & SSA Ukraine, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine; National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, 03056, UkraineData limitations and attributability issues due to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 presents continuing challenges in assessing production of major commodity crops in Ukraine. Up-to-date satellite imagery provides evidence of rapid changes in cropland within temporary occupied territories (TOT) by Russia within Ukraine. Ukraine is the world's top producer and exporter of sunflower and, therefore, monitoring, and quantifying changes in areas and production of sunflower is extremely important. We used Sentinel-1 (S1) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to quantify changes in sunflower planted areas in Ukraine during 2021–2022. We developed an operational workflow and produced the first available 20-m resolution sunflower maps over Ukraine. We developed a SAR-based generalized approach for sunflower mapping using a previously developed phenological metric and estimated sunflower planted areas and corresponding changes in 2021 and 2022 using a sample-based approach. Sunflower area was estimated at 7.10 ± 0.45 million hectares (Mha) in 2021 which was reduced to 6.75 ± 0.45 Mha in 2022, reflecting a 5% decrease compared to the preceding year. The reduction was mainly observed in the Russian-occupied regions while we did not find significant changes in sunflower areas in Ukrainian-controlled areas. In addition to traditional sunflower producing regions in the south and south-east of Ukraine we found new sunflower emerging hotspots along the south-central and north-eastern regions. Overall, the decrease in sunflower planted area was less severe than previously expected and reported in media for the entire Ukraine. This study demonstrates the utility of Earth observation data, namely Sentinel-1/SAR, for monitoring sunflower cultivation areas in regions where ground access is not possible or feasible due to armed conflict.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666017224000233SunflowerSynthetic aperture radar (SAR)Generalized classifierArea estimationConflictFood security
spellingShingle Abdul Qadir
Sergii Skakun
Inbal Becker-Reshef
Nataliia Kussul
Andrii Shelestov
Estimation of sunflower planted areas in Ukraine during full-scale Russian invasion: Insights from Sentinel-1 SAR data
Science of Remote Sensing
Sunflower
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
Generalized classifier
Area estimation
Conflict
Food security
title Estimation of sunflower planted areas in Ukraine during full-scale Russian invasion: Insights from Sentinel-1 SAR data
title_full Estimation of sunflower planted areas in Ukraine during full-scale Russian invasion: Insights from Sentinel-1 SAR data
title_fullStr Estimation of sunflower planted areas in Ukraine during full-scale Russian invasion: Insights from Sentinel-1 SAR data
title_full_unstemmed Estimation of sunflower planted areas in Ukraine during full-scale Russian invasion: Insights from Sentinel-1 SAR data
title_short Estimation of sunflower planted areas in Ukraine during full-scale Russian invasion: Insights from Sentinel-1 SAR data
title_sort estimation of sunflower planted areas in ukraine during full scale russian invasion insights from sentinel 1 sar data
topic Sunflower
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
Generalized classifier
Area estimation
Conflict
Food security
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666017224000233
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