Simultaneous central retinal vein and cilioretinal artery occlusion in a young female patient with progestin-only oral contraceptive use: a case report
Abstract Background Central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion are rare but serious ocular conditions that can lead to significant visual impairment. While few cases of central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion have been individually reported, concurrent...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Medical Case Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-025-05030-7 |
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| author | Sardar Noman Qayyum Risha Naeem Faraz Azhar Gulmeena Aziz Khan Tehreem Zubair Samim Noori |
| author_facet | Sardar Noman Qayyum Risha Naeem Faraz Azhar Gulmeena Aziz Khan Tehreem Zubair Samim Noori |
| author_sort | Sardar Noman Qayyum |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion are rare but serious ocular conditions that can lead to significant visual impairment. While few cases of central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion have been individually reported, concurrent occlusion of both vessels is extremely rare, particularly in younger patients without traditional vascular risk factors. We present the first reported case of simultaneous central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion in a young female patient associated with short-term use of progestin-only oral contraceptives (OCPs). Case presentation A 28-year-old Pakistani female patient presented with sudden, painless vision loss in the left eye, 3 hours prior to her arrival at the ophthalmology clinic. Visual acuity in the affected eye was limited to counting fingers at a distance of 0.5 feet, with a best-corrected visual acuity of 6/6 in the right eye. Fundoscopic examination revealed optic disc edema, preretinal hemorrhages, venous dilation, and cotton wool spots consistent with central retinal vein occlusion, alongside ischemic changes in the foveal region suggestive of cilioretinal artery occlusion. On the basis of clinical examination, fundus fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography findings, the patient was diagnosed with concurrent central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion. Systemic workup to rule out thrombophilia and other vascular risks was negative. She was treated with acetazolamide, aspirin, and ocular massage, alongside a dorzolamide-timolol combination for intraocular pressure control. Six weeks later, panretinal photocoagulation was performed to prevent neovascular complications. Conclusions This case highlights the rare presentation of simultaneous central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion, likely precipitated by short-term progestin-only OCP use in a young female. The absence of other vascular risk factors emphasizes the potential thrombotic risk associated with hormonal contraception, even in brief courses. Careful consideration should be given to contraceptive choice, and ophthalmologic monitoring is recommended for early detection and intervention in at-risk patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2f5357badf554f16a9305144ad72269f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1752-1947 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Medical Case Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-2f5357badf554f16a9305144ad72269f2025-01-26T12:35:26ZengBMCJournal of Medical Case Reports1752-19472025-01-011911410.1186/s13256-025-05030-7Simultaneous central retinal vein and cilioretinal artery occlusion in a young female patient with progestin-only oral contraceptive use: a case reportSardar Noman Qayyum0Risha Naeem1Faraz Azhar2Gulmeena Aziz Khan3Tehreem Zubair4Samim Noori5Bacha Khan Medical CollegeAmeer-ud-din Medical College, University of Health SciencesAllama Iqbal Medical CollegeBacha Khan Medical CollegeAl-Aleem Medical College, University of Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine, Nangarhar UniversityAbstract Background Central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion are rare but serious ocular conditions that can lead to significant visual impairment. While few cases of central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion have been individually reported, concurrent occlusion of both vessels is extremely rare, particularly in younger patients without traditional vascular risk factors. We present the first reported case of simultaneous central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion in a young female patient associated with short-term use of progestin-only oral contraceptives (OCPs). Case presentation A 28-year-old Pakistani female patient presented with sudden, painless vision loss in the left eye, 3 hours prior to her arrival at the ophthalmology clinic. Visual acuity in the affected eye was limited to counting fingers at a distance of 0.5 feet, with a best-corrected visual acuity of 6/6 in the right eye. Fundoscopic examination revealed optic disc edema, preretinal hemorrhages, venous dilation, and cotton wool spots consistent with central retinal vein occlusion, alongside ischemic changes in the foveal region suggestive of cilioretinal artery occlusion. On the basis of clinical examination, fundus fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography findings, the patient was diagnosed with concurrent central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion. Systemic workup to rule out thrombophilia and other vascular risks was negative. She was treated with acetazolamide, aspirin, and ocular massage, alongside a dorzolamide-timolol combination for intraocular pressure control. Six weeks later, panretinal photocoagulation was performed to prevent neovascular complications. Conclusions This case highlights the rare presentation of simultaneous central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion, likely precipitated by short-term progestin-only OCP use in a young female. The absence of other vascular risk factors emphasizes the potential thrombotic risk associated with hormonal contraception, even in brief courses. Careful consideration should be given to contraceptive choice, and ophthalmologic monitoring is recommended for early detection and intervention in at-risk patients.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-025-05030-7Central retinal vein occlusionCilioretinal artery occlusionProgestin-only oral contraceptivesVenous thromboembolismSudden vision lossRetinal ischemia |
| spellingShingle | Sardar Noman Qayyum Risha Naeem Faraz Azhar Gulmeena Aziz Khan Tehreem Zubair Samim Noori Simultaneous central retinal vein and cilioretinal artery occlusion in a young female patient with progestin-only oral contraceptive use: a case report Journal of Medical Case Reports Central retinal vein occlusion Cilioretinal artery occlusion Progestin-only oral contraceptives Venous thromboembolism Sudden vision loss Retinal ischemia |
| title | Simultaneous central retinal vein and cilioretinal artery occlusion in a young female patient with progestin-only oral contraceptive use: a case report |
| title_full | Simultaneous central retinal vein and cilioretinal artery occlusion in a young female patient with progestin-only oral contraceptive use: a case report |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous central retinal vein and cilioretinal artery occlusion in a young female patient with progestin-only oral contraceptive use: a case report |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous central retinal vein and cilioretinal artery occlusion in a young female patient with progestin-only oral contraceptive use: a case report |
| title_short | Simultaneous central retinal vein and cilioretinal artery occlusion in a young female patient with progestin-only oral contraceptive use: a case report |
| title_sort | simultaneous central retinal vein and cilioretinal artery occlusion in a young female patient with progestin only oral contraceptive use a case report |
| topic | Central retinal vein occlusion Cilioretinal artery occlusion Progestin-only oral contraceptives Venous thromboembolism Sudden vision loss Retinal ischemia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-025-05030-7 |
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