Emerging IO checkpoints in gastrointestinal oncology
Recent progress in immunotherapy has significantly altered the therapeutic approach for gastrointestinal cancers, which are historically challenging due to their intricate pathologies and unfavorable outcomes. This review emphasizes the growing importance of immune checkpoints like TIGIT, VISTA, GIT...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1575713/full |
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| author | Alireza Tojjari Anwaar Saeed Anwaar Saeed Ludimila Cavalcante |
| author_facet | Alireza Tojjari Anwaar Saeed Anwaar Saeed Ludimila Cavalcante |
| author_sort | Alireza Tojjari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent progress in immunotherapy has significantly altered the therapeutic approach for gastrointestinal cancers, which are historically challenging due to their intricate pathologies and unfavorable outcomes. This review emphasizes the growing importance of immune checkpoints like TIGIT, VISTA, GITR, STING, and TIM-3 in the treatment of gastrointestinal oncology. These checkpoints are crucial elements within the tumor microenvironment, presenting new therapeutic possibilities. Studies show that TIGIT and GITR regulate the functions of T cells and NK cells, while the VISTA and STING pathways boost the body’s anti-tumor responses. TIM-3 is linked with T cell fatigue, highlighting its potential as a target to counteract immune evasion mechanisms. Integrating these immune checkpoints with traditional treatments could result in more customized and effective therapeutic approaches. This detailed review seeks to explore the changing field of immune checkpoint research, offering insights from molecular biology to clinical practice, and envisioning a future where advanced treatment methods greatly enhance patient outcomes in GI cancers. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2f4ebd5e7d514c27ba76ce1f7d250757 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-2f4ebd5e7d514c27ba76ce1f7d2507572025-08-20T03:15:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-07-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15757131575713Emerging IO checkpoints in gastrointestinal oncologyAlireza Tojjari0Anwaar Saeed1Anwaar Saeed2Ludimila Cavalcante3Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United StatesUPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United StatesDepartment of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United StatesRecent progress in immunotherapy has significantly altered the therapeutic approach for gastrointestinal cancers, which are historically challenging due to their intricate pathologies and unfavorable outcomes. This review emphasizes the growing importance of immune checkpoints like TIGIT, VISTA, GITR, STING, and TIM-3 in the treatment of gastrointestinal oncology. These checkpoints are crucial elements within the tumor microenvironment, presenting new therapeutic possibilities. Studies show that TIGIT and GITR regulate the functions of T cells and NK cells, while the VISTA and STING pathways boost the body’s anti-tumor responses. TIM-3 is linked with T cell fatigue, highlighting its potential as a target to counteract immune evasion mechanisms. Integrating these immune checkpoints with traditional treatments could result in more customized and effective therapeutic approaches. This detailed review seeks to explore the changing field of immune checkpoint research, offering insights from molecular biology to clinical practice, and envisioning a future where advanced treatment methods greatly enhance patient outcomes in GI cancers.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1575713/fullimmune checkpointsgastrointestinal oncologyTIGITGITRVISTASTING |
| spellingShingle | Alireza Tojjari Anwaar Saeed Anwaar Saeed Ludimila Cavalcante Emerging IO checkpoints in gastrointestinal oncology Frontiers in Immunology immune checkpoints gastrointestinal oncology TIGIT GITR VISTA STING |
| title | Emerging IO checkpoints in gastrointestinal oncology |
| title_full | Emerging IO checkpoints in gastrointestinal oncology |
| title_fullStr | Emerging IO checkpoints in gastrointestinal oncology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging IO checkpoints in gastrointestinal oncology |
| title_short | Emerging IO checkpoints in gastrointestinal oncology |
| title_sort | emerging io checkpoints in gastrointestinal oncology |
| topic | immune checkpoints gastrointestinal oncology TIGIT GITR VISTA STING |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1575713/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alirezatojjari emergingiocheckpointsingastrointestinaloncology AT anwaarsaeed emergingiocheckpointsingastrointestinaloncology AT anwaarsaeed emergingiocheckpointsingastrointestinaloncology AT ludimilacavalcante emergingiocheckpointsingastrointestinaloncology |