Influence of Milling Energy and Precursors on CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> Polycrystalline Superconductor Morphology
The synthesis of CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> superconducting compounds either requires the adoption of high-temperature synthesis or implies the intimate mixing of the precursors via mechanochemical routes before the thermal step in order to avoid chemical inhomogeneities...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Anastasiya Duchenko Achille Angrisani Armenio Giuseppe Celentano Alessandra Fava Daniele Mirabile Gattia Nicola Pompeo Enrico Silva Francesca Varsano Andrea Masi |
| author_facet | Anastasiya Duchenko Achille Angrisani Armenio Giuseppe Celentano Alessandra Fava Daniele Mirabile Gattia Nicola Pompeo Enrico Silva Francesca Varsano Andrea Masi |
| author_sort | Anastasiya Duchenko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The synthesis of CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> superconducting compounds either requires the adoption of high-temperature synthesis or implies the intimate mixing of the precursors via mechanochemical routes before the thermal step in order to avoid chemical inhomogeneities that lead to thermodynamically stable unwanted phases. High Energy Ball Milling (HEBM) represents a useful tool to ensure the comminution of the elements and their dispersion to obtain the target phase. The adoption of mechanochemical treatments is, however, known to lead to the formation of aggregates of small crystals, leading to a powder morphology not optimal for practical applications. In this work, we report our findings in the synthesis of CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> polycrystalline compounds showing the effect of milling energy on the morphology and phase composition of the powders. To overcome the limits of conventional synthesis, we report the results of a novel synthesis approach for CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> materials, highlighting how the choice of the proper precursors and the adoption of milder treatments can represent the key to optimizing the powder morphology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2f4b5a59849d4c82b4ab4adc7bd56b48 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj-art-2f4b5a59849d4c82b4ab4adc7bd56b482025-08-20T02:11:01ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522025-03-0115327610.3390/cryst15030276Influence of Milling Energy and Precursors on CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> Polycrystalline Superconductor MorphologyAnastasiya Duchenko0Achille Angrisani Armenio1Giuseppe Celentano2Alessandra Fava3Daniele Mirabile Gattia4Nicola Pompeo5Enrico Silva6Francesca Varsano7Andrea Masi8Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Elettronica e Meccanica, Università degli Studi RomaTre, Via Vito Volterra, 62, 00146 Roma, ItalyNUC-FUSEN-COND, ENEA, Via Enrico Fermi, 45, 00044 Roma, ItalyNUC-FUSEN-COND, ENEA, Via Enrico Fermi, 45, 00044 Roma, ItalySSPT-TIMAS-MADD, ENEA, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Roma, ItalySSPT-TIMAS-MADD, ENEA, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Roma, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Elettronica e Meccanica, Università degli Studi RomaTre, Via Vito Volterra, 62, 00146 Roma, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Elettronica e Meccanica, Università degli Studi RomaTre, Via Vito Volterra, 62, 00146 Roma, ItalySSPT-TIMAS-MADD, ENEA, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Roma, ItalyNUC-FUSEN-COND, ENEA, Via Enrico Fermi, 45, 00044 Roma, ItalyThe synthesis of CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> superconducting compounds either requires the adoption of high-temperature synthesis or implies the intimate mixing of the precursors via mechanochemical routes before the thermal step in order to avoid chemical inhomogeneities that lead to thermodynamically stable unwanted phases. High Energy Ball Milling (HEBM) represents a useful tool to ensure the comminution of the elements and their dispersion to obtain the target phase. The adoption of mechanochemical treatments is, however, known to lead to the formation of aggregates of small crystals, leading to a powder morphology not optimal for practical applications. In this work, we report our findings in the synthesis of CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> polycrystalline compounds showing the effect of milling energy on the morphology and phase composition of the powders. To overcome the limits of conventional synthesis, we report the results of a novel synthesis approach for CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> materials, highlighting how the choice of the proper precursors and the adoption of milder treatments can represent the key to optimizing the powder morphology.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/3/276iron-based superconductorsmechanical alloyingpolycrystalline bulkgranular superconductors |
| spellingShingle | Anastasiya Duchenko Achille Angrisani Armenio Giuseppe Celentano Alessandra Fava Daniele Mirabile Gattia Nicola Pompeo Enrico Silva Francesca Varsano Andrea Masi Influence of Milling Energy and Precursors on CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> Polycrystalline Superconductor Morphology Crystals iron-based superconductors mechanical alloying polycrystalline bulk granular superconductors |
| title | Influence of Milling Energy and Precursors on CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> Polycrystalline Superconductor Morphology |
| title_full | Influence of Milling Energy and Precursors on CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> Polycrystalline Superconductor Morphology |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Milling Energy and Precursors on CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> Polycrystalline Superconductor Morphology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Milling Energy and Precursors on CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> Polycrystalline Superconductor Morphology |
| title_short | Influence of Milling Energy and Precursors on CaKFe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub> Polycrystalline Superconductor Morphology |
| title_sort | influence of milling energy and precursors on cakfe sub 4 sub as sub 4 sub polycrystalline superconductor morphology |
| topic | iron-based superconductors mechanical alloying polycrystalline bulk granular superconductors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/3/276 |
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