The association of degree of polypharmacy before and after among hospitalised internal medicine patients and clinical outcomes: a retrospective, population-based cohort study

Objectives To determine the prevalence and incidence of polypharmacy/hyperpolypharmacy and which medications are most prescribed to patients with varying burden of polypharmacy.Design Retrospective, population-based cohort study.Setting Iceland.Participants Including patients (≥18 years) admitted to...

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Main Authors: Martin I Sigurdsson, Adalsteinn Gudmundsson, Freyja Jónsdóttir, Anna B Blondal, Ian Bates, Jennifer Mary Stevenson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-03-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e078890.full
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author Martin I Sigurdsson
Adalsteinn Gudmundsson
Freyja Jónsdóttir
Anna B Blondal
Ian Bates
Jennifer Mary Stevenson
author_facet Martin I Sigurdsson
Adalsteinn Gudmundsson
Freyja Jónsdóttir
Anna B Blondal
Ian Bates
Jennifer Mary Stevenson
author_sort Martin I Sigurdsson
collection DOAJ
description Objectives To determine the prevalence and incidence of polypharmacy/hyperpolypharmacy and which medications are most prescribed to patients with varying burden of polypharmacy.Design Retrospective, population-based cohort study.Setting Iceland.Participants Including patients (≥18 years) admitted to internal medicine services at Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, between 1 January 2010 with a follow-up of clinical outcomes through 17 March 2022.Main outcomes measures Participants were categorised into medication use categories of non-polypharmacy (<5), polypharmacy (5–10) and hyperpolypharmacy (>10) based on the number of medications filled in the year predischarge and postdischarge. The primary outcome was prevalence and incidence of new polypharmacy. Secondary outcomes were mortality, length of hospital stay and re-admission.Results Among 85 942 admissions (51% male), the median (IQR) age was 73 (60–83) years. The prevalence of preadmission non-polypharmacy was 15.1% (95% CI 14.9 to 15.3), polypharmacy was 22.9% (95% CI 22.6 to 23.2) and hyperpolypharmacy was 62.5% (95% CI 62.2 to 62.9). The incidence of new postdischarge polypharmacy was 33.4% (95% CI 32.9 to 33.9), and for hyperpolypharmacy was 28.9% (95% CI 28.3 to 29.5) for patients with preadmission polypharmacy. Patients with a higher level of medication use were more likely to use multidose drug dispensing and have a diagnosis of adverse drug reaction. Other comorbidities, including responsible subspeciality and estimates of comorbidity and frailty burden, were identical between groups of varying polypharmacy. There was no difference in length of stay, re-admission rate and mortality.Conclusions Preadmission polypharmacy/hyperpolypharmacy and postdischarge new polypharmacy/hyperpolypharmacy is common amongst patients admitted to internal medicine. A higher level of medication use category was not found to be associated with demographic, comorbidity and clinical outcomes. Medications that are frequently inappropriately prescribed were among the most prescribed medications in the group. An increased focus on optimising medication usage is needed after hospital admission.Trial registration number NCT05756400.
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spelling doaj-art-2f4b50a1cce74d2ab8195f858af75a132025-08-20T03:12:41ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552024-03-0114310.1136/bmjopen-2023-078890The association of degree of polypharmacy before and after among hospitalised internal medicine patients and clinical outcomes: a retrospective, population-based cohort studyMartin I Sigurdsson0Adalsteinn Gudmundsson1Freyja Jónsdóttir2Anna B Blondal3Ian Bates4Jennifer Mary Stevenson5Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, IcelandLandspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, IcelandPharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, IcelandPharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, IcelandUniversity College London, London, UKInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King`s College London, London, UKObjectives To determine the prevalence and incidence of polypharmacy/hyperpolypharmacy and which medications are most prescribed to patients with varying burden of polypharmacy.Design Retrospective, population-based cohort study.Setting Iceland.Participants Including patients (≥18 years) admitted to internal medicine services at Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, between 1 January 2010 with a follow-up of clinical outcomes through 17 March 2022.Main outcomes measures Participants were categorised into medication use categories of non-polypharmacy (<5), polypharmacy (5–10) and hyperpolypharmacy (>10) based on the number of medications filled in the year predischarge and postdischarge. The primary outcome was prevalence and incidence of new polypharmacy. Secondary outcomes were mortality, length of hospital stay and re-admission.Results Among 85 942 admissions (51% male), the median (IQR) age was 73 (60–83) years. The prevalence of preadmission non-polypharmacy was 15.1% (95% CI 14.9 to 15.3), polypharmacy was 22.9% (95% CI 22.6 to 23.2) and hyperpolypharmacy was 62.5% (95% CI 62.2 to 62.9). The incidence of new postdischarge polypharmacy was 33.4% (95% CI 32.9 to 33.9), and for hyperpolypharmacy was 28.9% (95% CI 28.3 to 29.5) for patients with preadmission polypharmacy. Patients with a higher level of medication use were more likely to use multidose drug dispensing and have a diagnosis of adverse drug reaction. Other comorbidities, including responsible subspeciality and estimates of comorbidity and frailty burden, were identical between groups of varying polypharmacy. There was no difference in length of stay, re-admission rate and mortality.Conclusions Preadmission polypharmacy/hyperpolypharmacy and postdischarge new polypharmacy/hyperpolypharmacy is common amongst patients admitted to internal medicine. A higher level of medication use category was not found to be associated with demographic, comorbidity and clinical outcomes. Medications that are frequently inappropriately prescribed were among the most prescribed medications in the group. An increased focus on optimising medication usage is needed after hospital admission.Trial registration number NCT05756400.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e078890.full
spellingShingle Martin I Sigurdsson
Adalsteinn Gudmundsson
Freyja Jónsdóttir
Anna B Blondal
Ian Bates
Jennifer Mary Stevenson
The association of degree of polypharmacy before and after among hospitalised internal medicine patients and clinical outcomes: a retrospective, population-based cohort study
BMJ Open
title The association of degree of polypharmacy before and after among hospitalised internal medicine patients and clinical outcomes: a retrospective, population-based cohort study
title_full The association of degree of polypharmacy before and after among hospitalised internal medicine patients and clinical outcomes: a retrospective, population-based cohort study
title_fullStr The association of degree of polypharmacy before and after among hospitalised internal medicine patients and clinical outcomes: a retrospective, population-based cohort study
title_full_unstemmed The association of degree of polypharmacy before and after among hospitalised internal medicine patients and clinical outcomes: a retrospective, population-based cohort study
title_short The association of degree of polypharmacy before and after among hospitalised internal medicine patients and clinical outcomes: a retrospective, population-based cohort study
title_sort association of degree of polypharmacy before and after among hospitalised internal medicine patients and clinical outcomes a retrospective population based cohort study
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e078890.full
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