Design and Test of an Embedded Real-Time Compact Voltage Fingerprinting Algorithm for Enhanced Automotive Cybersecurity

The article proposes an algorithm for monitoring data traffic in CAN networks on board vehicles. This algorithm detects cyber-attacks through statistical analysis of voltage samples from the protocol’s physical layer. The method aims to be compact and achieve real-time throughput for impl...

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Main Authors: Pierpaolo Dini, Ettore Soldaini, Sergio Saponara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10966903/
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author Pierpaolo Dini
Ettore Soldaini
Sergio Saponara
author_facet Pierpaolo Dini
Ettore Soldaini
Sergio Saponara
author_sort Pierpaolo Dini
collection DOAJ
description The article proposes an algorithm for monitoring data traffic in CAN networks on board vehicles. This algorithm detects cyber-attacks through statistical analysis of voltage samples from the protocol’s physical layer. The method aims to be compact and achieve real-time throughput for implementation on an embedded platform. In the article are shown tests of the proposed method on the Automotive MCU AURIX TC375. The Electronic Control Unit (ECU) classification algorithm results from the re-elaboration of the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method. Using.dbc and recorded.asc traces acquired from a real vehicle (Giulietta Alfa Romeo model), the message traffic is reconstructed and replicated via experimental prototype, providing different voltage levels for each device used to emulate the ECU. The article evaluates the algorithm performance through extensive experiments, assessing its ability to detect traffic anomalies in various attack scenarios.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2169-3536
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Access
spelling doaj-art-2f3f018e78d04cea92782ea3f7855f192025-08-20T03:48:46ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113731837320110.1109/ACCESS.2025.356162810966903Design and Test of an Embedded Real-Time Compact Voltage Fingerprinting Algorithm for Enhanced Automotive CybersecurityPierpaolo Dini0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9425-7354Ettore Soldaini1Sergio Saponara2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-4219Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyETEC Department, MOBI-EPOWERS Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussel, BelgiumDepartment of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyThe article proposes an algorithm for monitoring data traffic in CAN networks on board vehicles. This algorithm detects cyber-attacks through statistical analysis of voltage samples from the protocol’s physical layer. The method aims to be compact and achieve real-time throughput for implementation on an embedded platform. In the article are shown tests of the proposed method on the Automotive MCU AURIX TC375. The Electronic Control Unit (ECU) classification algorithm results from the re-elaboration of the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method. Using.dbc and recorded.asc traces acquired from a real vehicle (Giulietta Alfa Romeo model), the message traffic is reconstructed and replicated via experimental prototype, providing different voltage levels for each device used to emulate the ECU. The article evaluates the algorithm performance through extensive experiments, assessing its ability to detect traffic anomalies in various attack scenarios.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10966903/Cyber-securityin-vehicle networkingautomotivecontroller area networkECU fingerprintingembedded
spellingShingle Pierpaolo Dini
Ettore Soldaini
Sergio Saponara
Design and Test of an Embedded Real-Time Compact Voltage Fingerprinting Algorithm for Enhanced Automotive Cybersecurity
IEEE Access
Cyber-security
in-vehicle networking
automotive
controller area network
ECU fingerprinting
embedded
title Design and Test of an Embedded Real-Time Compact Voltage Fingerprinting Algorithm for Enhanced Automotive Cybersecurity
title_full Design and Test of an Embedded Real-Time Compact Voltage Fingerprinting Algorithm for Enhanced Automotive Cybersecurity
title_fullStr Design and Test of an Embedded Real-Time Compact Voltage Fingerprinting Algorithm for Enhanced Automotive Cybersecurity
title_full_unstemmed Design and Test of an Embedded Real-Time Compact Voltage Fingerprinting Algorithm for Enhanced Automotive Cybersecurity
title_short Design and Test of an Embedded Real-Time Compact Voltage Fingerprinting Algorithm for Enhanced Automotive Cybersecurity
title_sort design and test of an embedded real time compact voltage fingerprinting algorithm for enhanced automotive cybersecurity
topic Cyber-security
in-vehicle networking
automotive
controller area network
ECU fingerprinting
embedded
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10966903/
work_keys_str_mv AT pierpaolodini designandtestofanembeddedrealtimecompactvoltagefingerprintingalgorithmforenhancedautomotivecybersecurity
AT ettoresoldaini designandtestofanembeddedrealtimecompactvoltagefingerprintingalgorithmforenhancedautomotivecybersecurity
AT sergiosaponara designandtestofanembeddedrealtimecompactvoltagefingerprintingalgorithmforenhancedautomotivecybersecurity