Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia in Indonesia’s Urban Population
Background: Indonesia is one of ten countries in the world with estimated number of dementia case exceeding a million. The number of elderly population living in Indonesian cities has exceeded the number in rural areas, but the country lacks data representing the urban population better related to m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Interna Publishing
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Acta Medica Indonesiana |
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| Online Access: | http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1641 |
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| _version_ | 1849721519680258048 |
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| author | Muhammad Khifzhon Azwar Siti Setiati |
| author_facet | Muhammad Khifzhon Azwar Siti Setiati |
| author_sort | Muhammad Khifzhon Azwar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Indonesia is one of ten countries in the world with estimated number of dementia case exceeding a million. The number of elderly population living in Indonesian cities has exceeded the number in rural areas, but the country lacks data representing the urban population better related to modifiable risk factors for dementia, prevention of which is crucial. We aimed to identify the modifiable risk factors for dementia in Indonesia’s urban population. Methods: this case-control study used five-year data in Indonesia’s national general hospital by tracing back medical record books of individuals aged 60 years and above in geriatric medicine outpatient clinic to the first hospital visit. Statistical analyses included bivariate and multivariate analyses to adjust for confounding factors appropriately. Results: data from 345 patients suggested that the significant risk factors for dementia were history of smoking (adjusted OR 2.860, 95% CI 1.559-5.246), history of hearing loss (adjusted OR 7.962, 95% CI 3.534-17.941), history of depression (adjusted OR 12.473, 95% CI 2.533-61.417), hypertension (adjusted OR 1.751, 95% CI 1.006-3.048), and diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR 2.561, 95% CI 1.482-4.425). Dementia patients had longer median duration of diabetes mellitus (12 years) than elderly without dementia (9 years) before the diagnosis of dementia. Single point late-life underweight condition and low educational attainment were not associated with dementia in Indonesia’s urban setting. The risk factors for vascular dementia were largely similar to those of dementia. Conclusion: in Indonesian urban population, history of smoking, hearing loss, depression, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are associated with dementia.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2f3500b50a3c4827a4487244c2da2d55 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0125-9326 2338-2732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Interna Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Medica Indonesiana |
| spelling | doaj-art-2f3500b50a3c4827a4487244c2da2d552025-08-20T03:11:37ZengInterna PublishingActa Medica Indonesiana0125-93262338-27322021-03-01531Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia in Indonesia’s Urban PopulationMuhammad Khifzhon Azwar0Siti Setiati1Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.Department of Internal Medicine – Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital – Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, JakartaBackground: Indonesia is one of ten countries in the world with estimated number of dementia case exceeding a million. The number of elderly population living in Indonesian cities has exceeded the number in rural areas, but the country lacks data representing the urban population better related to modifiable risk factors for dementia, prevention of which is crucial. We aimed to identify the modifiable risk factors for dementia in Indonesia’s urban population. Methods: this case-control study used five-year data in Indonesia’s national general hospital by tracing back medical record books of individuals aged 60 years and above in geriatric medicine outpatient clinic to the first hospital visit. Statistical analyses included bivariate and multivariate analyses to adjust for confounding factors appropriately. Results: data from 345 patients suggested that the significant risk factors for dementia were history of smoking (adjusted OR 2.860, 95% CI 1.559-5.246), history of hearing loss (adjusted OR 7.962, 95% CI 3.534-17.941), history of depression (adjusted OR 12.473, 95% CI 2.533-61.417), hypertension (adjusted OR 1.751, 95% CI 1.006-3.048), and diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR 2.561, 95% CI 1.482-4.425). Dementia patients had longer median duration of diabetes mellitus (12 years) than elderly without dementia (9 years) before the diagnosis of dementia. Single point late-life underweight condition and low educational attainment were not associated with dementia in Indonesia’s urban setting. The risk factors for vascular dementia were largely similar to those of dementia. Conclusion: in Indonesian urban population, history of smoking, hearing loss, depression, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are associated with dementia. http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1641risk factordementiaIndonesiaurbancityJakarta |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Khifzhon Azwar Siti Setiati Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia in Indonesia’s Urban Population Acta Medica Indonesiana risk factor dementia Indonesia urban city Jakarta |
| title | Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia in Indonesia’s Urban Population |
| title_full | Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia in Indonesia’s Urban Population |
| title_fullStr | Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia in Indonesia’s Urban Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia in Indonesia’s Urban Population |
| title_short | Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia in Indonesia’s Urban Population |
| title_sort | modifiable risk factors for dementia in indonesia s urban population |
| topic | risk factor dementia Indonesia urban city Jakarta |
| url | http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1641 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT muhammadkhifzhonazwar modifiableriskfactorsfordementiainindonesiasurbanpopulation AT sitisetiati modifiableriskfactorsfordementiainindonesiasurbanpopulation |