Restoring public trust in COVID-19 vaccine among Africans, Caribbean, and Black Canadians using Community based participatory research (CBPR)

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant global impact predominantly among Africans, Caribbean and Black (ACB) Canadians. ACB people experienced higher infection and recovery rates, greater health risks, and access to care. Evidence shows that public mistrust, due to anti-Black ra...

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Main Authors: Josephine Etowa, Amoy Jacques, Luc Malemo, Bishwajit Ghose, Egbe B. Etowa, Charles Dabone, Sylvia Sangwa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-05-01
Series:Discover Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00520-x
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author Josephine Etowa
Amoy Jacques
Luc Malemo
Bishwajit Ghose
Egbe B. Etowa
Charles Dabone
Sylvia Sangwa
author_facet Josephine Etowa
Amoy Jacques
Luc Malemo
Bishwajit Ghose
Egbe B. Etowa
Charles Dabone
Sylvia Sangwa
author_sort Josephine Etowa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant global impact predominantly among Africans, Caribbean and Black (ACB) Canadians. ACB people experienced higher infection and recovery rates, greater health risks, and access to care. Evidence shows that public mistrust, due to anti-Black racism and historical trauma contributed to low vaccine uptake among ACB populations. Our study examined multi-level and intersectional issues impacting vaccine uptake and acceptance in Ottawa. This paper will focus on the theme of agency. Methods A mixed methods research (MMR) approach guided this study using the socio-ecological model (SEM), intersectionality lens, and community-based participatory research principles to generate qualitative results. The sample included 49 ACB participants involved in community focus group discussions (FGDs) and 27 participants from our World Cafe. The sample population from the FGDs included service providers (20), social workers (15), doctors (3), and nurses (3) and others (8) who were predominantly Black African (70%), mostly female (80%), age range was 35–44 (33%) with high school diplomas (40%). The sample for the World Cafe included ACB members from community organizations, public health services, and peer-equity navigators (PENs). Data were recorded digitally, transcribed verbatim, analyzed inductively. Data analysis methods were thematic analysis including inductive coding using NVivo software and rigor methods were member-checking and external audits. Results Our data showed rebuilding public trust is possible by bridging knowledge gaps on vaccine information, increasing service providers’ cultural competence capacity, and providing governance/leadership opportunities for ACB communities. Conclusion Restoring public trust will require dismantling racism by prioritizing ACB community’ needs, proactive and accessible culturally appropriate messages, and opportunities to develop policies to improve health outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-2f2191c4bfab49f99b0bd46955538e972025-08-20T02:29:26ZengSpringerDiscover Public Health3005-07742025-05-0122111010.1186/s12982-025-00520-xRestoring public trust in COVID-19 vaccine among Africans, Caribbean, and Black Canadians using Community based participatory research (CBPR)Josephine Etowa0Amoy Jacques1Luc Malemo2Bishwajit Ghose3Egbe B. Etowa4Charles Dabone5Sylvia Sangwa6School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of OttawaSchool of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of OttawaOttawa Public HealthSchool of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of OttawaToronto Metropolitan UniversitySchool of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of OttawaSchool of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of OttawaAbstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant global impact predominantly among Africans, Caribbean and Black (ACB) Canadians. ACB people experienced higher infection and recovery rates, greater health risks, and access to care. Evidence shows that public mistrust, due to anti-Black racism and historical trauma contributed to low vaccine uptake among ACB populations. Our study examined multi-level and intersectional issues impacting vaccine uptake and acceptance in Ottawa. This paper will focus on the theme of agency. Methods A mixed methods research (MMR) approach guided this study using the socio-ecological model (SEM), intersectionality lens, and community-based participatory research principles to generate qualitative results. The sample included 49 ACB participants involved in community focus group discussions (FGDs) and 27 participants from our World Cafe. The sample population from the FGDs included service providers (20), social workers (15), doctors (3), and nurses (3) and others (8) who were predominantly Black African (70%), mostly female (80%), age range was 35–44 (33%) with high school diplomas (40%). The sample for the World Cafe included ACB members from community organizations, public health services, and peer-equity navigators (PENs). Data were recorded digitally, transcribed verbatim, analyzed inductively. Data analysis methods were thematic analysis including inductive coding using NVivo software and rigor methods were member-checking and external audits. Results Our data showed rebuilding public trust is possible by bridging knowledge gaps on vaccine information, increasing service providers’ cultural competence capacity, and providing governance/leadership opportunities for ACB communities. Conclusion Restoring public trust will require dismantling racism by prioritizing ACB community’ needs, proactive and accessible culturally appropriate messages, and opportunities to develop policies to improve health outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00520-xAgencyCommunity resilienceCOVID-19Vaccine uptakePublic health mistrustACB people
spellingShingle Josephine Etowa
Amoy Jacques
Luc Malemo
Bishwajit Ghose
Egbe B. Etowa
Charles Dabone
Sylvia Sangwa
Restoring public trust in COVID-19 vaccine among Africans, Caribbean, and Black Canadians using Community based participatory research (CBPR)
Discover Public Health
Agency
Community resilience
COVID-19
Vaccine uptake
Public health mistrust
ACB people
title Restoring public trust in COVID-19 vaccine among Africans, Caribbean, and Black Canadians using Community based participatory research (CBPR)
title_full Restoring public trust in COVID-19 vaccine among Africans, Caribbean, and Black Canadians using Community based participatory research (CBPR)
title_fullStr Restoring public trust in COVID-19 vaccine among Africans, Caribbean, and Black Canadians using Community based participatory research (CBPR)
title_full_unstemmed Restoring public trust in COVID-19 vaccine among Africans, Caribbean, and Black Canadians using Community based participatory research (CBPR)
title_short Restoring public trust in COVID-19 vaccine among Africans, Caribbean, and Black Canadians using Community based participatory research (CBPR)
title_sort restoring public trust in covid 19 vaccine among africans caribbean and black canadians using community based participatory research cbpr
topic Agency
Community resilience
COVID-19
Vaccine uptake
Public health mistrust
ACB people
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00520-x
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