Neutrophil Heterogeneity in Wound Healing

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of immune cells and also the most underestimated cell defenders in the human body. In fact, their lifespan has also been extensively revised in recent years, going from a half-life of 8–10 h to a longer lifespan of up to 5.4 days in humans; it has been discover...

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Main Authors: Filippo Renò, Corinna Anais Pagano, Monica Bignotto, Maurizio Sabbatini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/694
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author Filippo Renò
Corinna Anais Pagano
Monica Bignotto
Maurizio Sabbatini
author_facet Filippo Renò
Corinna Anais Pagano
Monica Bignotto
Maurizio Sabbatini
author_sort Filippo Renò
collection DOAJ
description Neutrophils are the most abundant type of immune cells and also the most underestimated cell defenders in the human body. In fact, their lifespan has also been extensively revised in recent years, going from a half-life of 8–10 h to a longer lifespan of up to 5.4 days in humans; it has been discovered that their mechanisms of defense are multiple and finely modulated, and it has been suggested that the heterogeneity of neutrophils occurs as well as in other immune cells. Neutrophils also play a critical role in the wound healing process, and their involvement is not limited to the initial stages of defense against pathogens, but extends to the inflammatory phase of tissue reconstruction. Neutrophil heterogeneity has recently been reported at the presence of distinct subtypes expressing different functional states, which contribute uniquely to the different phases of innate immunity and wound healing. This heterogeneity can be induced by the local microenvironment, by the presence of specific cytokines and by the type of injury. The different functional states of neutrophils enable a finely tuned response to injury and stress, which is essential for effective healing. Understanding the functional heterogeneity of neutrophils in wound healing can unveil potential pathological profiles and therapeutic targets. Moreover, the understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity dynamics could help in designing strategies to manage excessive inflammation or impaired healing processes. This review highlights the complexity of neutrophil heterogeneity and its critical roles throughout the phases of wound healing.
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spelling doaj-art-2f1c4ccb6d1e45f48ac3e1c9066dbefe2025-08-20T03:43:15ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-03-0113369410.3390/biomedicines13030694Neutrophil Heterogeneity in Wound HealingFilippo Renò0Corinna Anais Pagano1Monica Bignotto2Maurizio Sabbatini3Health Sciences Department (DiSS), San Paolo Hospital, Università di Milano, Via A. di Rudini 8, 20142 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Science and Innovation Technology (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, ItalyHealth Sciences Department (DiSS), San Paolo Hospital, Università di Milano, Via A. di Rudini 8, 20142 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Science and Innovation Technology (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, ItalyNeutrophils are the most abundant type of immune cells and also the most underestimated cell defenders in the human body. In fact, their lifespan has also been extensively revised in recent years, going from a half-life of 8–10 h to a longer lifespan of up to 5.4 days in humans; it has been discovered that their mechanisms of defense are multiple and finely modulated, and it has been suggested that the heterogeneity of neutrophils occurs as well as in other immune cells. Neutrophils also play a critical role in the wound healing process, and their involvement is not limited to the initial stages of defense against pathogens, but extends to the inflammatory phase of tissue reconstruction. Neutrophil heterogeneity has recently been reported at the presence of distinct subtypes expressing different functional states, which contribute uniquely to the different phases of innate immunity and wound healing. This heterogeneity can be induced by the local microenvironment, by the presence of specific cytokines and by the type of injury. The different functional states of neutrophils enable a finely tuned response to injury and stress, which is essential for effective healing. Understanding the functional heterogeneity of neutrophils in wound healing can unveil potential pathological profiles and therapeutic targets. Moreover, the understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity dynamics could help in designing strategies to manage excessive inflammation or impaired healing processes. This review highlights the complexity of neutrophil heterogeneity and its critical roles throughout the phases of wound healing.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/694neutrophilsagingskininnate immunityinflammationplasticity
spellingShingle Filippo Renò
Corinna Anais Pagano
Monica Bignotto
Maurizio Sabbatini
Neutrophil Heterogeneity in Wound Healing
Biomedicines
neutrophils
aging
skin
innate immunity
inflammation
plasticity
title Neutrophil Heterogeneity in Wound Healing
title_full Neutrophil Heterogeneity in Wound Healing
title_fullStr Neutrophil Heterogeneity in Wound Healing
title_full_unstemmed Neutrophil Heterogeneity in Wound Healing
title_short Neutrophil Heterogeneity in Wound Healing
title_sort neutrophil heterogeneity in wound healing
topic neutrophils
aging
skin
innate immunity
inflammation
plasticity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/694
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AT monicabignotto neutrophilheterogeneityinwoundhealing
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