Diagnosing Gingiva Disease Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Gingival and periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are critical public health concerns that can lead to severe complications if left untreated. Early and precise diagnosis is crucial to mitigate the progression of these conditions and improve oral health outcomes. This study i...

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Main Authors: Rana Khalid Sabri, Lujain Younis Abdulkadir, AbdulSattar Mohammed Khidhir, Hiba Abdulkareem Saleh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of Diyala 2025-06-01
Series:Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences
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Online Access:https://djes.info/index.php/djes/article/view/1595
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author Rana Khalid Sabri
Lujain Younis Abdulkadir
AbdulSattar Mohammed Khidhir
Hiba Abdulkareem Saleh
author_facet Rana Khalid Sabri
Lujain Younis Abdulkadir
AbdulSattar Mohammed Khidhir
Hiba Abdulkareem Saleh
author_sort Rana Khalid Sabri
collection DOAJ
description Gingival and periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are critical public health concerns that can lead to severe complications if left untreated. Early and precise diagnosis is crucial to mitigate the progression of these conditions and improve oral health outcomes. This study investigates the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in diagnosing gingival diseases using medical images, including X-rays and intraoral photographs. Several CNN architectures, including VGG16, Sequential CNN, MobileNet, InceptionV3, and suggestions for a voting method to enhance the prediction, were evaluated for their performance in classifying gingival conditions. MobileNet emerged as the most effective model, achieving a test accuracy of 92.73%; the suggested method relies mainly on its positive result. When the MobileNet's result is false, the process takes the voting result using the other methods. This boosts the accuracy to 96%. Surpassing other models in precision and recall metrics. Pre-processing techniques such as normalization using the CIELAB color space and data augmentation significantly enhanced model accuracy. The study employed robust evaluation methods, including 10-fold cross-validation and hyperparameter tuning, to ensure model reliability and generalizability. The findings highlight the transformative potential of AI-powered diagnostic tools in dental healthcare. By leveraging lightweight and efficient architectures like MobileNet, these tools can be deployed in resource-limited settings, offering real-time diagnostic support to healthcare professionals. Future work will focus on expanding datasets, exploring ensemble models, and improving interpretability to further enhance diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability. 
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spelling doaj-art-2f189a7058dd4b0ca8892b94a08e6a872025-08-20T03:27:40ZengUniversity of DiyalaDiyala Journal of Engineering Sciences1999-87162616-69092025-06-0118210.24237/djes.2024.18211Diagnosing Gingiva Disease Using Artificial Intelligence TechniquesRana Khalid Sabri0Lujain Younis Abdulkadir1AbdulSattar Mohammed Khidhir2Hiba Abdulkareem Saleh3Department of Cyber Security and Cloud Computing Technology Engineering, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq Department of Networks and Computer Software Techniques, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq Department of Networks and Computer Software Techniques, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq Chemical and Petroleum Industries Technology Engineering, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq Gingival and periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are critical public health concerns that can lead to severe complications if left untreated. Early and precise diagnosis is crucial to mitigate the progression of these conditions and improve oral health outcomes. This study investigates the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in diagnosing gingival diseases using medical images, including X-rays and intraoral photographs. Several CNN architectures, including VGG16, Sequential CNN, MobileNet, InceptionV3, and suggestions for a voting method to enhance the prediction, were evaluated for their performance in classifying gingival conditions. MobileNet emerged as the most effective model, achieving a test accuracy of 92.73%; the suggested method relies mainly on its positive result. When the MobileNet's result is false, the process takes the voting result using the other methods. This boosts the accuracy to 96%. Surpassing other models in precision and recall metrics. Pre-processing techniques such as normalization using the CIELAB color space and data augmentation significantly enhanced model accuracy. The study employed robust evaluation methods, including 10-fold cross-validation and hyperparameter tuning, to ensure model reliability and generalizability. The findings highlight the transformative potential of AI-powered diagnostic tools in dental healthcare. By leveraging lightweight and efficient architectures like MobileNet, these tools can be deployed in resource-limited settings, offering real-time diagnostic support to healthcare professionals. Future work will focus on expanding datasets, exploring ensemble models, and improving interpretability to further enhance diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability.  https://djes.info/index.php/djes/article/view/1595InceptionV3MobileNetPeriodontal DiseasesSequentialVGG16
spellingShingle Rana Khalid Sabri
Lujain Younis Abdulkadir
AbdulSattar Mohammed Khidhir
Hiba Abdulkareem Saleh
Diagnosing Gingiva Disease Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences
InceptionV3
MobileNet
Periodontal Diseases
Sequential
VGG16
title Diagnosing Gingiva Disease Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
title_full Diagnosing Gingiva Disease Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
title_fullStr Diagnosing Gingiva Disease Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
title_full_unstemmed Diagnosing Gingiva Disease Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
title_short Diagnosing Gingiva Disease Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
title_sort diagnosing gingiva disease using artificial intelligence techniques
topic InceptionV3
MobileNet
Periodontal Diseases
Sequential
VGG16
url https://djes.info/index.php/djes/article/view/1595
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