A Key Role for NF-κB Transcription Factor c-Rel in T-Lymphocyte-Differentiation and Effector Functions
The transcription factors of the Rel/NF-κB family function as key regulators of innate and adoptive immunity. Tightly and temporally controlled activation of NF-κB-signalling pathways ensures prevention of harmful immune cell dysregulation, whereas a loss of control leads to pathological conditions...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/239368 |
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| author | Alexander Visekruna Anton Volkov Ulrich Steinhoff |
| author_facet | Alexander Visekruna Anton Volkov Ulrich Steinhoff |
| author_sort | Alexander Visekruna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The transcription factors of the Rel/NF-κB family function as key regulators of innate and adoptive immunity. Tightly and temporally controlled activation of NF-κB-signalling pathways ensures prevention of harmful immune cell dysregulation, whereas a loss of control leads to pathological conditions such as severe inflammation, autoimmune disease, and inflammation-associated oncogenesis. Five family members have been identified in mammals: RelA (p65), c-Rel, RelB, and the precursor proteins NF-κB1 (p105) and NF-κB2 (p100), that are processed into p50 and p52, respectively. While RelA-containing dimers are present in most cell types, c-Rel complexes are predominately found in cells of hematopoietic origin. In T-cell lymphocytes, certain genes essential for immune function such as Il2 and Foxp3 are directly regulated by c-Rel. Additionally, c-Rel-dependent IL-12 and IL-23 transcription by macrophages and dendritic cells is crucial for T-cell differentiation and effector functions. Accordingly, c-Rel expression in T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) controls a delicate balance between tolerance and immunity. This review gives a selective overview on recent progress in understanding of diverse roles of c-Rel in regulating adaptive immunity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2f0204d528184f8caf90a3e39b1a7930 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1740-2522 1740-2530 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-2f0204d528184f8caf90a3e39b1a79302025-08-20T03:55:16ZengWileyClinical and Developmental Immunology1740-25221740-25302012-01-01201210.1155/2012/239368239368A Key Role for NF-κB Transcription Factor c-Rel in T-Lymphocyte-Differentiation and Effector FunctionsAlexander Visekruna0Anton Volkov1Ulrich Steinhoff2Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps University of Marburg, Hans Meerwein Straße 2, 35032 Marburg, GermanyInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps University of Marburg, Hans Meerwein Straße 2, 35032 Marburg, GermanyInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps University of Marburg, Hans Meerwein Straße 2, 35032 Marburg, GermanyThe transcription factors of the Rel/NF-κB family function as key regulators of innate and adoptive immunity. Tightly and temporally controlled activation of NF-κB-signalling pathways ensures prevention of harmful immune cell dysregulation, whereas a loss of control leads to pathological conditions such as severe inflammation, autoimmune disease, and inflammation-associated oncogenesis. Five family members have been identified in mammals: RelA (p65), c-Rel, RelB, and the precursor proteins NF-κB1 (p105) and NF-κB2 (p100), that are processed into p50 and p52, respectively. While RelA-containing dimers are present in most cell types, c-Rel complexes are predominately found in cells of hematopoietic origin. In T-cell lymphocytes, certain genes essential for immune function such as Il2 and Foxp3 are directly regulated by c-Rel. Additionally, c-Rel-dependent IL-12 and IL-23 transcription by macrophages and dendritic cells is crucial for T-cell differentiation and effector functions. Accordingly, c-Rel expression in T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) controls a delicate balance between tolerance and immunity. This review gives a selective overview on recent progress in understanding of diverse roles of c-Rel in regulating adaptive immunity.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/239368 |
| spellingShingle | Alexander Visekruna Anton Volkov Ulrich Steinhoff A Key Role for NF-κB Transcription Factor c-Rel in T-Lymphocyte-Differentiation and Effector Functions Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| title | A Key Role for NF-κB Transcription Factor c-Rel in T-Lymphocyte-Differentiation and Effector Functions |
| title_full | A Key Role for NF-κB Transcription Factor c-Rel in T-Lymphocyte-Differentiation and Effector Functions |
| title_fullStr | A Key Role for NF-κB Transcription Factor c-Rel in T-Lymphocyte-Differentiation and Effector Functions |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Key Role for NF-κB Transcription Factor c-Rel in T-Lymphocyte-Differentiation and Effector Functions |
| title_short | A Key Role for NF-κB Transcription Factor c-Rel in T-Lymphocyte-Differentiation and Effector Functions |
| title_sort | key role for nf κb transcription factor c rel in t lymphocyte differentiation and effector functions |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/239368 |
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