Inertial Subrange Optimization in Eddy Dissipation Rate Estimation and Aircraft-Dependent Bumpiness Estimation

Atmospheric turbulence leads to aircraft bumpiness. In current vertical wind-based eddy dissipation rate (EDR) estimation algorithms based on flight data, the inertial subrange is determined empirically. In application, specific aircraft bumpiness can only be described by an EDR indicator. In this s...

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Main Authors: Zhenxing Gao, Qilin Zhang, Kai Qi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Aerospace
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/4/293
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author Zhenxing Gao
Qilin Zhang
Kai Qi
author_facet Zhenxing Gao
Qilin Zhang
Kai Qi
author_sort Zhenxing Gao
collection DOAJ
description Atmospheric turbulence leads to aircraft bumpiness. In current vertical wind-based eddy dissipation rate (EDR) estimation algorithms based on flight data, the inertial subrange is determined empirically. In application, specific aircraft bumpiness can only be described by an EDR indicator. In this study, the objective turbulence severity and aircraft-related bumpiness estimation were explored with an optimized inertial subrange. To obtain the inertial subrange, the minimum series length to estimate EDR was determined under different flight data sampling rate. In addition, the basic series length to estimate the inertial subrange was determined according to Blackman–Tukey spectra estimation theory. In aircraft-dependent bumpiness estimation, the unsteady vortex lattice method (UVLM) was designed to obtain an accurate aircraft acceleration response to turbulence. An in situ aircraft bumpiness estimation and bumpiness prediction method were further proposed. Simulation and experiments on real flight data testified the optimized aircraft-independent EDR estimation and aircraft-dependent bumpiness estimation successively. This study can be further applied to estimate the turbulence severity on a particular airway, while the bumpiness of specific aircraft can be predicted.
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spelling doaj-art-2eee6a1c3ed54e98807e8d9ee27323f62025-08-20T02:17:14ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102025-03-0112429310.3390/aerospace12040293Inertial Subrange Optimization in Eddy Dissipation Rate Estimation and Aircraft-Dependent Bumpiness EstimationZhenxing Gao0Qilin Zhang1Kai Qi2College of General Aviation and flight, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, ChinaCollege of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, ChinaCollege of General Aviation and flight, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, ChinaAtmospheric turbulence leads to aircraft bumpiness. In current vertical wind-based eddy dissipation rate (EDR) estimation algorithms based on flight data, the inertial subrange is determined empirically. In application, specific aircraft bumpiness can only be described by an EDR indicator. In this study, the objective turbulence severity and aircraft-related bumpiness estimation were explored with an optimized inertial subrange. To obtain the inertial subrange, the minimum series length to estimate EDR was determined under different flight data sampling rate. In addition, the basic series length to estimate the inertial subrange was determined according to Blackman–Tukey spectra estimation theory. In aircraft-dependent bumpiness estimation, the unsteady vortex lattice method (UVLM) was designed to obtain an accurate aircraft acceleration response to turbulence. An in situ aircraft bumpiness estimation and bumpiness prediction method were further proposed. Simulation and experiments on real flight data testified the optimized aircraft-independent EDR estimation and aircraft-dependent bumpiness estimation successively. This study can be further applied to estimate the turbulence severity on a particular airway, while the bumpiness of specific aircraft can be predicted.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/4/293turbulenceeddy dissipation rateinertial subrangeacceleration responselinear potential theory
spellingShingle Zhenxing Gao
Qilin Zhang
Kai Qi
Inertial Subrange Optimization in Eddy Dissipation Rate Estimation and Aircraft-Dependent Bumpiness Estimation
Aerospace
turbulence
eddy dissipation rate
inertial subrange
acceleration response
linear potential theory
title Inertial Subrange Optimization in Eddy Dissipation Rate Estimation and Aircraft-Dependent Bumpiness Estimation
title_full Inertial Subrange Optimization in Eddy Dissipation Rate Estimation and Aircraft-Dependent Bumpiness Estimation
title_fullStr Inertial Subrange Optimization in Eddy Dissipation Rate Estimation and Aircraft-Dependent Bumpiness Estimation
title_full_unstemmed Inertial Subrange Optimization in Eddy Dissipation Rate Estimation and Aircraft-Dependent Bumpiness Estimation
title_short Inertial Subrange Optimization in Eddy Dissipation Rate Estimation and Aircraft-Dependent Bumpiness Estimation
title_sort inertial subrange optimization in eddy dissipation rate estimation and aircraft dependent bumpiness estimation
topic turbulence
eddy dissipation rate
inertial subrange
acceleration response
linear potential theory
url https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/4/293
work_keys_str_mv AT zhenxinggao inertialsubrangeoptimizationineddydissipationrateestimationandaircraftdependentbumpinessestimation
AT qilinzhang inertialsubrangeoptimizationineddydissipationrateestimationandaircraftdependentbumpinessestimation
AT kaiqi inertialsubrangeoptimizationineddydissipationrateestimationandaircraftdependentbumpinessestimation