Gap analysis of Pakistan’s non-kinetic responses to violent extremism
Pakistan’s counter-terrorism (CT) strategy represents a combination of kinetic and non-kinetic means. Besides the use of military, intelligence and police force, the state has also employed de-radicalization, rehabilitation and counter-narrative campaigns to counter-extremism in its violent and non-...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Cogent Social Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311886.2023.2221906 |
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| author | Khuram Iqbal Muneeb Salman |
| author_facet | Khuram Iqbal Muneeb Salman |
| author_sort | Khuram Iqbal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pakistan’s counter-terrorism (CT) strategy represents a combination of kinetic and non-kinetic means. Besides the use of military, intelligence and police force, the state has also employed de-radicalization, rehabilitation and counter-narrative campaigns to counter-extremism in its violent and non-violent manifestations. However, a significant decline in accumulative number of terrorist incidents from 2014 onward led the authorities to slash efforts and resources on soft CT front. Using “Three Levels of Analysis” by Moghadam, which dissects the root causes of extremism and terrorism at the levels of individuals, organizations and the environment, this paper seeks to provide a brief overview of the soft measures adopted by Pakistan at these three levels. Subsequently, through the application of the RAND’s de-radicalization framework (individual-level), organizational transformation (organizational-level) and Aristotle’s Communication model presented in Rhetoric (environmental level), the paper compares and contrasts these non-kinetic interventions with established practices and cases of soft CT in other parts of the world. It argues that quantitative decline in the incidents of terrorism from 2014 onwards must not lead to counter-terror triumphalism. Post-drawdown (American withdrawal from Afghanistan) spike in the incidents of terrorism in Pakistan attests to importance of sustained CVE efforts to deal with the new character of extremism and terrorism in the country. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2eebfcdda61d48ed9ef5b9c707c3401e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2331-1886 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cogent Social Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-2eebfcdda61d48ed9ef5b9c707c3401e2025-08-20T03:22:15ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCogent Social Sciences2331-18862023-12-019110.1080/23311886.2023.2221906Gap analysis of Pakistan’s non-kinetic responses to violent extremismKhuram Iqbal0Muneeb Salman1Head of Department, Department of International Relations, National Defence University, Islamabad, PakistanAssistant Research Associate, Islamabad Policy Research Institute, Islamabad, PakistanPakistan’s counter-terrorism (CT) strategy represents a combination of kinetic and non-kinetic means. Besides the use of military, intelligence and police force, the state has also employed de-radicalization, rehabilitation and counter-narrative campaigns to counter-extremism in its violent and non-violent manifestations. However, a significant decline in accumulative number of terrorist incidents from 2014 onward led the authorities to slash efforts and resources on soft CT front. Using “Three Levels of Analysis” by Moghadam, which dissects the root causes of extremism and terrorism at the levels of individuals, organizations and the environment, this paper seeks to provide a brief overview of the soft measures adopted by Pakistan at these three levels. Subsequently, through the application of the RAND’s de-radicalization framework (individual-level), organizational transformation (organizational-level) and Aristotle’s Communication model presented in Rhetoric (environmental level), the paper compares and contrasts these non-kinetic interventions with established practices and cases of soft CT in other parts of the world. It argues that quantitative decline in the incidents of terrorism from 2014 onwards must not lead to counter-terror triumphalism. Post-drawdown (American withdrawal from Afghanistan) spike in the incidents of terrorism in Pakistan attests to importance of sustained CVE efforts to deal with the new character of extremism and terrorism in the country.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311886.2023.2221906Countering violent extremism (CVE)counter-terrorism (CT)de-radicalisationrehabilitationcounter-narrative |
| spellingShingle | Khuram Iqbal Muneeb Salman Gap analysis of Pakistan’s non-kinetic responses to violent extremism Cogent Social Sciences Countering violent extremism (CVE) counter-terrorism (CT) de-radicalisation rehabilitation counter-narrative |
| title | Gap analysis of Pakistan’s non-kinetic responses to violent extremism |
| title_full | Gap analysis of Pakistan’s non-kinetic responses to violent extremism |
| title_fullStr | Gap analysis of Pakistan’s non-kinetic responses to violent extremism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gap analysis of Pakistan’s non-kinetic responses to violent extremism |
| title_short | Gap analysis of Pakistan’s non-kinetic responses to violent extremism |
| title_sort | gap analysis of pakistan s non kinetic responses to violent extremism |
| topic | Countering violent extremism (CVE) counter-terrorism (CT) de-radicalisation rehabilitation counter-narrative |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311886.2023.2221906 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT khuramiqbal gapanalysisofpakistansnonkineticresponsestoviolentextremism AT muneebsalman gapanalysisofpakistansnonkineticresponsestoviolentextremism |