Trends in the disease burden of early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study

Abstract Background In recent years, the incidence of early-onset cancers among individuals under 50 years of age has been on the rise. We aimed to analyze the disease burden and temporal trends of early-onset cancers in China, providing a basis for policymakers to develop appropriate strategies. Me...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jicun Zhu, Tiandong Li, Jiajun Chen, Wenhua Xue, Shuhong Liang, Chen Xie, Xiting Han, Weiwei Hao, Yixin He, Gaoxing Qiao, Xiaoran Duan, Lifeng Li, Jie Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Cancer
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14578-y
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849234754456518656
author Jicun Zhu
Tiandong Li
Jiajun Chen
Wenhua Xue
Shuhong Liang
Chen Xie
Xiting Han
Weiwei Hao
Yixin He
Gaoxing Qiao
Xiaoran Duan
Lifeng Li
Jie Zhao
author_facet Jicun Zhu
Tiandong Li
Jiajun Chen
Wenhua Xue
Shuhong Liang
Chen Xie
Xiting Han
Weiwei Hao
Yixin He
Gaoxing Qiao
Xiaoran Duan
Lifeng Li
Jie Zhao
author_sort Jicun Zhu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background In recent years, the incidence of early-onset cancers among individuals under 50 years of age has been on the rise. We aimed to analyze the disease burden and temporal trends of early-onset cancers in China, providing a basis for policymakers to develop appropriate strategies. Methods We utilized data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to describe the changes in early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021, including incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The age-standardized average annual percentage change (AAPC) was estimated using the Joinpoint regression program. Results From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate of all early-onset cancers in China increased by 150.72 per 100,000, while the mortality and DALY rates decreased by 4.30 per 100,000 and 279.34 per 100,000, respectively. In 2021, early-onset breast cancer had the highest incidence rate (17.14 per 100,000), and trachea/bronchus/lung cancer had the highest mortality rate (6.15 per 100,000) and DALY rate (292.48 per 100,000). The standardized DALY rate of all early-onset cancers decreased (AAPC = -1.49%, 95% CI: -1.51% to -1.46%), while multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma and other peripheral nervous cell tumors, malignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage, kidney cancer, and mesothelioma showed significant increases with AAPC of 4.14% (4.01–4.28%), 3.83% (3.77–3.88%), 1.20% (1.16–1.25%), 0.65% (0.58–0.73%), and 0.33% (0.29–0.37%), respectively. Tobacco consumption (23.01%) was the primary contributor to the disease burden of early-onset cancers in males, whereas unsafe sexual behavior (10.53%) was the primary contributor in females. Conclusion The mortality and DALY rate of early-onset cancers in China decreased, while the incidence rate increased. Trachea/bronchus/lung cancer is one of the most severe early-onset cancers, and effective measures need to be taken against the main risk factors.
format Article
id doaj-art-2ee3ebd74a584550a1ae9c7d30ed9044
institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2407
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Cancer
spelling doaj-art-2ee3ebd74a584550a1ae9c7d30ed90442025-08-20T04:03:02ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072025-07-0125111210.1186/s12885-025-14578-yTrends in the disease burden of early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease studyJicun Zhu0Tiandong Li1Jiajun Chen2Wenhua Xue3Shuhong Liang4Chen Xie5Xiting Han6Weiwei Hao7Yixin He8Gaoxing Qiao9Xiaoran Duan10Lifeng Li11Jie Zhao12National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Medical Services, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityCivil Affairs Office of People’s Livelihood, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityNational Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityNational Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityNational Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityAbstract Background In recent years, the incidence of early-onset cancers among individuals under 50 years of age has been on the rise. We aimed to analyze the disease burden and temporal trends of early-onset cancers in China, providing a basis for policymakers to develop appropriate strategies. Methods We utilized data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to describe the changes in early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021, including incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The age-standardized average annual percentage change (AAPC) was estimated using the Joinpoint regression program. Results From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate of all early-onset cancers in China increased by 150.72 per 100,000, while the mortality and DALY rates decreased by 4.30 per 100,000 and 279.34 per 100,000, respectively. In 2021, early-onset breast cancer had the highest incidence rate (17.14 per 100,000), and trachea/bronchus/lung cancer had the highest mortality rate (6.15 per 100,000) and DALY rate (292.48 per 100,000). The standardized DALY rate of all early-onset cancers decreased (AAPC = -1.49%, 95% CI: -1.51% to -1.46%), while multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma and other peripheral nervous cell tumors, malignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage, kidney cancer, and mesothelioma showed significant increases with AAPC of 4.14% (4.01–4.28%), 3.83% (3.77–3.88%), 1.20% (1.16–1.25%), 0.65% (0.58–0.73%), and 0.33% (0.29–0.37%), respectively. Tobacco consumption (23.01%) was the primary contributor to the disease burden of early-onset cancers in males, whereas unsafe sexual behavior (10.53%) was the primary contributor in females. Conclusion The mortality and DALY rate of early-onset cancers in China decreased, while the incidence rate increased. Trachea/bronchus/lung cancer is one of the most severe early-onset cancers, and effective measures need to be taken against the main risk factors.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14578-yChinaEarly-onsetCancerBurden of diseaseTrend
spellingShingle Jicun Zhu
Tiandong Li
Jiajun Chen
Wenhua Xue
Shuhong Liang
Chen Xie
Xiting Han
Weiwei Hao
Yixin He
Gaoxing Qiao
Xiaoran Duan
Lifeng Li
Jie Zhao
Trends in the disease burden of early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study
BMC Cancer
China
Early-onset
Cancer
Burden of disease
Trend
title Trends in the disease burden of early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study
title_full Trends in the disease burden of early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study
title_fullStr Trends in the disease burden of early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study
title_full_unstemmed Trends in the disease burden of early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study
title_short Trends in the disease burden of early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study
title_sort trends in the disease burden of early onset cancers in china from 1990 to 2021 a systematic analysis of the 2021 global burden of disease study
topic China
Early-onset
Cancer
Burden of disease
Trend
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14578-y
work_keys_str_mv AT jicunzhu trendsinthediseaseburdenofearlyonsetcancersinchinafrom1990to2021asystematicanalysisofthe2021globalburdenofdiseasestudy
AT tiandongli trendsinthediseaseburdenofearlyonsetcancersinchinafrom1990to2021asystematicanalysisofthe2021globalburdenofdiseasestudy
AT jiajunchen trendsinthediseaseburdenofearlyonsetcancersinchinafrom1990to2021asystematicanalysisofthe2021globalburdenofdiseasestudy
AT wenhuaxue trendsinthediseaseburdenofearlyonsetcancersinchinafrom1990to2021asystematicanalysisofthe2021globalburdenofdiseasestudy
AT shuhongliang trendsinthediseaseburdenofearlyonsetcancersinchinafrom1990to2021asystematicanalysisofthe2021globalburdenofdiseasestudy
AT chenxie trendsinthediseaseburdenofearlyonsetcancersinchinafrom1990to2021asystematicanalysisofthe2021globalburdenofdiseasestudy
AT xitinghan trendsinthediseaseburdenofearlyonsetcancersinchinafrom1990to2021asystematicanalysisofthe2021globalburdenofdiseasestudy
AT weiweihao trendsinthediseaseburdenofearlyonsetcancersinchinafrom1990to2021asystematicanalysisofthe2021globalburdenofdiseasestudy
AT yixinhe trendsinthediseaseburdenofearlyonsetcancersinchinafrom1990to2021asystematicanalysisofthe2021globalburdenofdiseasestudy
AT gaoxingqiao trendsinthediseaseburdenofearlyonsetcancersinchinafrom1990to2021asystematicanalysisofthe2021globalburdenofdiseasestudy
AT xiaoranduan trendsinthediseaseburdenofearlyonsetcancersinchinafrom1990to2021asystematicanalysisofthe2021globalburdenofdiseasestudy
AT lifengli trendsinthediseaseburdenofearlyonsetcancersinchinafrom1990to2021asystematicanalysisofthe2021globalburdenofdiseasestudy
AT jiezhao trendsinthediseaseburdenofearlyonsetcancersinchinafrom1990to2021asystematicanalysisofthe2021globalburdenofdiseasestudy