Integrating Medicinal Pathology by Exploring Capsaicin-Based Therapies into Gynecologic Oncology Practice: A Meta-Analysis

Background: The bioactive component present within chili peppers, capsaicin, has shown anticancer effects in multiple cancers, including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer. It induces apoptosis, disrupts the proliferation of the cancer cell, and modulates pathways such as NF-κB, PI...

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Main Authors: Abdul Ghafoor, Umme Habiba, Syed Azhar Hussain Zaidi, Aisha Altaf, Durga Devi, Asma Hamid, Amanullah Bukhari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: ziauddin University 2025-07-01
Series:Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry
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Online Access:https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/3792
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author Abdul Ghafoor
Umme Habiba
Syed Azhar Hussain Zaidi
Aisha Altaf
Durga Devi
Asma Hamid
Amanullah Bukhari
author_facet Abdul Ghafoor
Umme Habiba
Syed Azhar Hussain Zaidi
Aisha Altaf
Durga Devi
Asma Hamid
Amanullah Bukhari
author_sort Abdul Ghafoor
collection DOAJ
description Background: The bioactive component present within chili peppers, capsaicin, has shown anticancer effects in multiple cancers, including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer. It induces apoptosis, disrupts the proliferation of the cancer cell, and modulates pathways such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and p53. This work examines the effect of capsaicin on gynecology-based cancer cells to determine their therapeutic potential and influence on tumor progression and the cellular response. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were used for this study to identify relevant articles published up to 2025 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4.1, and forest plots were generated using the random effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Assessments of quality were performed using the Quin tool. GRADE framework was used to assess the certainty of evidence. Results: Ten studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that capsaicin had significant effects in the reduction of cancer cell viability in cervical (SMD: -32.14; 95% CI: -61.58 to -2.70) as well as in other gynecologic cancers (SMD: -20.98; 95% CI: -29.89 to -12.07). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses proved to be consistent in terms of inhibitory effects. Capsaicin-stimulated apoptosis, migration, and occurred through p53, NF-KB, and TRIB3 pathways. Quality assessment showed low risk and moderate certainty. Discussion: Capsaicin induces apoptosis while increasing therapeutic efficiency in models of cervical cancer, with the potential to serve alongside antineoplastic agents. There is a need for additional randomized trials to confirm the clinical application and to develop standard dosing procedures.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-2ee1ed2b76164cfabbdb27388221c7d02025-08-20T03:08:32Zengziauddin UniversityPakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry2313-73712308-25932025-07-0114310.36283/ziun-pjmd14-3/073Integrating Medicinal Pathology by Exploring Capsaicin-Based Therapies into Gynecologic Oncology Practice: A Meta-AnalysisAbdul Ghafoor0Umme Habiba1Syed Azhar Hussain Zaidi2Aisha Altaf3Durga Devi4Asma Hamid5Amanullah Bukhari6 Bolan Medical College, Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences, Quetta Pakistan.Valley Clinic, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan. Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, UAE. Background: The bioactive component present within chili peppers, capsaicin, has shown anticancer effects in multiple cancers, including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer. It induces apoptosis, disrupts the proliferation of the cancer cell, and modulates pathways such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and p53. This work examines the effect of capsaicin on gynecology-based cancer cells to determine their therapeutic potential and influence on tumor progression and the cellular response. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were used for this study to identify relevant articles published up to 2025 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4.1, and forest plots were generated using the random effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Assessments of quality were performed using the Quin tool. GRADE framework was used to assess the certainty of evidence. Results: Ten studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that capsaicin had significant effects in the reduction of cancer cell viability in cervical (SMD: -32.14; 95% CI: -61.58 to -2.70) as well as in other gynecologic cancers (SMD: -20.98; 95% CI: -29.89 to -12.07). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses proved to be consistent in terms of inhibitory effects. Capsaicin-stimulated apoptosis, migration, and occurred through p53, NF-KB, and TRIB3 pathways. Quality assessment showed low risk and moderate certainty. Discussion: Capsaicin induces apoptosis while increasing therapeutic efficiency in models of cervical cancer, with the potential to serve alongside antineoplastic agents. There is a need for additional randomized trials to confirm the clinical application and to develop standard dosing procedures. https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/3792CapsaicinUterine Cervical Neoplasms ApoptosisDrug ResistanceMeta-Analysis Drug Therapy
spellingShingle Abdul Ghafoor
Umme Habiba
Syed Azhar Hussain Zaidi
Aisha Altaf
Durga Devi
Asma Hamid
Amanullah Bukhari
Integrating Medicinal Pathology by Exploring Capsaicin-Based Therapies into Gynecologic Oncology Practice: A Meta-Analysis
Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry
Capsaicin
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Apoptosis
Drug Resistance
Meta-Analysis
Drug Therapy
title Integrating Medicinal Pathology by Exploring Capsaicin-Based Therapies into Gynecologic Oncology Practice: A Meta-Analysis
title_full Integrating Medicinal Pathology by Exploring Capsaicin-Based Therapies into Gynecologic Oncology Practice: A Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Integrating Medicinal Pathology by Exploring Capsaicin-Based Therapies into Gynecologic Oncology Practice: A Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Integrating Medicinal Pathology by Exploring Capsaicin-Based Therapies into Gynecologic Oncology Practice: A Meta-Analysis
title_short Integrating Medicinal Pathology by Exploring Capsaicin-Based Therapies into Gynecologic Oncology Practice: A Meta-Analysis
title_sort integrating medicinal pathology by exploring capsaicin based therapies into gynecologic oncology practice a meta analysis
topic Capsaicin
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Apoptosis
Drug Resistance
Meta-Analysis
Drug Therapy
url https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/3792
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