Antibacterial Effects of Synthetic Plantaricins Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Plantaricins without a signal sequence were synthesized based on bacteriocins, plantaricins A, E, F, J, and K, of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> KM2. The antibacterial activities of four combinations of synthetic plantaricins—spPlnA, E&...

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Main Authors: Seung-Eun Oh, Sojeong Heo, Gawon Lee, Jina Kim, Mi-Sun Kwak, Do-Won Jeong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/3/311
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author Seung-Eun Oh
Sojeong Heo
Gawon Lee
Jina Kim
Mi-Sun Kwak
Do-Won Jeong
author_facet Seung-Eun Oh
Sojeong Heo
Gawon Lee
Jina Kim
Mi-Sun Kwak
Do-Won Jeong
author_sort Seung-Eun Oh
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Plantaricins without a signal sequence were synthesized based on bacteriocins, plantaricins A, E, F, J, and K, of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> KM2. The antibacterial activities of four combinations of synthetic plantaricins—spPlnA, E&F, E&J, and J&K—were identified against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 12692. And in this experiment, we aimed to identify the antimicrobial mechanism of the synthesized plantaricin sample against <i>S. aureus</i>. <b>Methods/Results:</b> The minimal inhibitory concentrations for each combination were 1.4 μg/mL, 1.8 μg/mL, 1.6 μg/mL, and 1.6 μg/mL, respectively. Raman spectra changed after treating <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 12692 with synthetic plantaricins. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy results revealed that the four synthetic plantaricin combinations could induce the cell lysis of <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 12692. Finally, the four synthetic plantaricin combinations maintained their antibacterial effect at temperatures below 40 °C, and at pH levels of pH = (4–7). Except for spPlnJ&K, they are stable against the action of α–amylase and lysozyme. Overall, these results indicate that, excepting spPlnJ&K, the three synthetic plantaricin combinations exhibit similar antibacterial activity. <b>Conclusions:</b> Through this study, we confirmed that synthetic plantaricin exhibited antimicrobial activity against <i>S. aureus</i>, demonstrating its potential as a direct antimicrobial agent. However, since the antimicrobial activity decreased due to protease, it was confirmed that its use is limited in environments where protease is present.
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spelling doaj-art-2edf1fd823014da18b0e89128b619f652025-08-20T02:42:38ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-03-0114331110.3390/antibiotics14030311Antibacterial Effects of Synthetic Plantaricins Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Seung-Eun Oh0Sojeong Heo1Gawon Lee2Jina Kim3Mi-Sun Kwak4Do-Won Jeong5Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of KoreaInsight View Tech, Hwasung 18469, Republic of KoreaKookmin Bio Corporation, Seoul 02826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Plantaricins without a signal sequence were synthesized based on bacteriocins, plantaricins A, E, F, J, and K, of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> KM2. The antibacterial activities of four combinations of synthetic plantaricins—spPlnA, E&F, E&J, and J&K—were identified against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 12692. And in this experiment, we aimed to identify the antimicrobial mechanism of the synthesized plantaricin sample against <i>S. aureus</i>. <b>Methods/Results:</b> The minimal inhibitory concentrations for each combination were 1.4 μg/mL, 1.8 μg/mL, 1.6 μg/mL, and 1.6 μg/mL, respectively. Raman spectra changed after treating <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 12692 with synthetic plantaricins. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy results revealed that the four synthetic plantaricin combinations could induce the cell lysis of <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 12692. Finally, the four synthetic plantaricin combinations maintained their antibacterial effect at temperatures below 40 °C, and at pH levels of pH = (4–7). Except for spPlnJ&K, they are stable against the action of α–amylase and lysozyme. Overall, these results indicate that, excepting spPlnJ&K, the three synthetic plantaricin combinations exhibit similar antibacterial activity. <b>Conclusions:</b> Through this study, we confirmed that synthetic plantaricin exhibited antimicrobial activity against <i>S. aureus</i>, demonstrating its potential as a direct antimicrobial agent. However, since the antimicrobial activity decreased due to protease, it was confirmed that its use is limited in environments where protease is present.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/3/311plantaricin<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 12692antibacterial activitygrowth inhibitioncell lysis
spellingShingle Seung-Eun Oh
Sojeong Heo
Gawon Lee
Jina Kim
Mi-Sun Kwak
Do-Won Jeong
Antibacterial Effects of Synthetic Plantaricins Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Antibiotics
plantaricin
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 12692
antibacterial activity
growth inhibition
cell lysis
title Antibacterial Effects of Synthetic Plantaricins Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_full Antibacterial Effects of Synthetic Plantaricins Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_fullStr Antibacterial Effects of Synthetic Plantaricins Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_full_unstemmed Antibacterial Effects of Synthetic Plantaricins Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_short Antibacterial Effects of Synthetic Plantaricins Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_sort antibacterial effects of synthetic plantaricins against i staphylococcus aureus i
topic plantaricin
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 12692
antibacterial activity
growth inhibition
cell lysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/3/311
work_keys_str_mv AT seungeunoh antibacterialeffectsofsyntheticplantaricinsagainstistaphylococcusaureusi
AT sojeongheo antibacterialeffectsofsyntheticplantaricinsagainstistaphylococcusaureusi
AT gawonlee antibacterialeffectsofsyntheticplantaricinsagainstistaphylococcusaureusi
AT jinakim antibacterialeffectsofsyntheticplantaricinsagainstistaphylococcusaureusi
AT misunkwak antibacterialeffectsofsyntheticplantaricinsagainstistaphylococcusaureusi
AT dowonjeong antibacterialeffectsofsyntheticplantaricinsagainstistaphylococcusaureusi