The major cow milk allergen Bos d 5 manipulates T-helper cells depending on its load with siderophore-bound iron.

The mechanisms of allergic sensitization to milk are still elusive. The major allergen Bos d 5 belongs to the lipocalin-family and thus is able to transport numerous ligands. In this study we investigated its ability to bind to iron-siderophore complexes and tested the immune-modulatory properties o...

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Main Authors: Franziska Roth-Walter, Luis F Pacios, Cristina Gomez-Casado, Gerlinde Hofstetter, Georg A Roth, Josef Singer, Araceli Diaz-Perales, Erika Jensen-Jarolim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0104803&type=printable
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author Franziska Roth-Walter
Luis F Pacios
Cristina Gomez-Casado
Gerlinde Hofstetter
Georg A Roth
Josef Singer
Araceli Diaz-Perales
Erika Jensen-Jarolim
author_facet Franziska Roth-Walter
Luis F Pacios
Cristina Gomez-Casado
Gerlinde Hofstetter
Georg A Roth
Josef Singer
Araceli Diaz-Perales
Erika Jensen-Jarolim
author_sort Franziska Roth-Walter
collection DOAJ
description The mechanisms of allergic sensitization to milk are still elusive. The major allergen Bos d 5 belongs to the lipocalin-family and thus is able to transport numerous ligands. In this study we investigated its ability to bind to iron-siderophore complexes and tested the immune-modulatory properties of Bos d 5 in either forms. Structural and in silico docking analysis of Bos d 5 revealed that Bos d 5 is able to bind to iron via catechol-based flavonoids (quercetin, myricetin, luteolin) that act as siderophores as confirmed by spectral-analysis and iron staining. Calculated dissociation constants of docking analyses were below 1 µM by virtual addition of iron. When incubated with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), only the apo-form of Bos d 5 led to an increase of CD4+positive cells and significantly elevated IL13 and IFNγ-levels. In contrast, holo-Bos d 5 decreased numbers of CD4 expressing cells and induced apoptosis. Taken together, our data give evidence that Bos d 5 is capable of binding iron via siderophores. Moreover, our data support for the first time the notion that the form of application (apo- or holo-form) is decisive for the subsequent immune response. The apo-form promotes Th2 cells and inflammation, whereas the holo-form appears to be immunosuppressive.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1932-6203
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spelling doaj-art-2edba4badea94f30874a202c2adc438d2025-08-20T03:46:23ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0198e10480310.1371/journal.pone.0104803The major cow milk allergen Bos d 5 manipulates T-helper cells depending on its load with siderophore-bound iron.Franziska Roth-WalterLuis F PaciosCristina Gomez-CasadoGerlinde HofstetterGeorg A RothJosef SingerAraceli Diaz-PeralesErika Jensen-JarolimThe mechanisms of allergic sensitization to milk are still elusive. The major allergen Bos d 5 belongs to the lipocalin-family and thus is able to transport numerous ligands. In this study we investigated its ability to bind to iron-siderophore complexes and tested the immune-modulatory properties of Bos d 5 in either forms. Structural and in silico docking analysis of Bos d 5 revealed that Bos d 5 is able to bind to iron via catechol-based flavonoids (quercetin, myricetin, luteolin) that act as siderophores as confirmed by spectral-analysis and iron staining. Calculated dissociation constants of docking analyses were below 1 µM by virtual addition of iron. When incubated with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), only the apo-form of Bos d 5 led to an increase of CD4+positive cells and significantly elevated IL13 and IFNγ-levels. In contrast, holo-Bos d 5 decreased numbers of CD4 expressing cells and induced apoptosis. Taken together, our data give evidence that Bos d 5 is capable of binding iron via siderophores. Moreover, our data support for the first time the notion that the form of application (apo- or holo-form) is decisive for the subsequent immune response. The apo-form promotes Th2 cells and inflammation, whereas the holo-form appears to be immunosuppressive.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0104803&type=printable
spellingShingle Franziska Roth-Walter
Luis F Pacios
Cristina Gomez-Casado
Gerlinde Hofstetter
Georg A Roth
Josef Singer
Araceli Diaz-Perales
Erika Jensen-Jarolim
The major cow milk allergen Bos d 5 manipulates T-helper cells depending on its load with siderophore-bound iron.
PLoS ONE
title The major cow milk allergen Bos d 5 manipulates T-helper cells depending on its load with siderophore-bound iron.
title_full The major cow milk allergen Bos d 5 manipulates T-helper cells depending on its load with siderophore-bound iron.
title_fullStr The major cow milk allergen Bos d 5 manipulates T-helper cells depending on its load with siderophore-bound iron.
title_full_unstemmed The major cow milk allergen Bos d 5 manipulates T-helper cells depending on its load with siderophore-bound iron.
title_short The major cow milk allergen Bos d 5 manipulates T-helper cells depending on its load with siderophore-bound iron.
title_sort major cow milk allergen bos d 5 manipulates t helper cells depending on its load with siderophore bound iron
url https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0104803&type=printable
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