Spatiotemporal computations in the insect celestial compass

Abstract Obtaining a geocentric directional reference from a celestial compass requires compensation for the sun’s movement during the day (relative to the observer), which depends on the earth’s rotation, time of year and the observer’s latitude. We examine how insects could solve this problem, ass...

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Main Authors: Evripidis Gkanias, Barbara Webb
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57937-w
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author Evripidis Gkanias
Barbara Webb
author_facet Evripidis Gkanias
Barbara Webb
author_sort Evripidis Gkanias
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Obtaining a geocentric directional reference from a celestial compass requires compensation for the sun’s movement during the day (relative to the observer), which depends on the earth’s rotation, time of year and the observer’s latitude. We examine how insects could solve this problem, assuming they have clock neurons that represent time as a sinusoidal oscillation, and taking into account the neuroanatomy of their celestial compass pathway. We show how this circuit could exploit trigonometric identities to perform the required spatiotemporal calculations. Our basic model assumes a constant change in sun azimuth (the ‘hour angle’), which is recentred on solar noon for changing day lengths. In a more complete model, the time of year is represented by an oscillation with an annual period, and the latitude is estimated from the inclination of the geomagnetic field. Evaluating these models in simulated migration and foraging behaviours shows the hour angle may be sufficient.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2025-03-01
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series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-2ed2bfa0e8724dcb9dacd2fefb489eb82025-08-20T03:41:40ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-03-0116111410.1038/s41467-025-57937-wSpatiotemporal computations in the insect celestial compassEvripidis Gkanias0Barbara Webb1School of Informatics, University of EdinburghSchool of Informatics, University of EdinburghAbstract Obtaining a geocentric directional reference from a celestial compass requires compensation for the sun’s movement during the day (relative to the observer), which depends on the earth’s rotation, time of year and the observer’s latitude. We examine how insects could solve this problem, assuming they have clock neurons that represent time as a sinusoidal oscillation, and taking into account the neuroanatomy of their celestial compass pathway. We show how this circuit could exploit trigonometric identities to perform the required spatiotemporal calculations. Our basic model assumes a constant change in sun azimuth (the ‘hour angle’), which is recentred on solar noon for changing day lengths. In a more complete model, the time of year is represented by an oscillation with an annual period, and the latitude is estimated from the inclination of the geomagnetic field. Evaluating these models in simulated migration and foraging behaviours shows the hour angle may be sufficient.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57937-w
spellingShingle Evripidis Gkanias
Barbara Webb
Spatiotemporal computations in the insect celestial compass
Nature Communications
title Spatiotemporal computations in the insect celestial compass
title_full Spatiotemporal computations in the insect celestial compass
title_fullStr Spatiotemporal computations in the insect celestial compass
title_full_unstemmed Spatiotemporal computations in the insect celestial compass
title_short Spatiotemporal computations in the insect celestial compass
title_sort spatiotemporal computations in the insect celestial compass
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57937-w
work_keys_str_mv AT evripidisgkanias spatiotemporalcomputationsintheinsectcelestialcompass
AT barbarawebb spatiotemporalcomputationsintheinsectcelestialcompass