Fabrication and mechanical properties of newly developed triphasic blocks composed of gypsum-brushite-monetite for bone graft applications

Objective: A triphasic bone graft block composed of gypsum, brushite, and monetite is expected to be better for regenerating bone than a gypsum-hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate block. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fabricate and evaluate the mechanical properties of a newly developed tri...

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Main Authors: Ette Soraya Shahnaz Tadjoedin, Sunarso
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2022-12-01
Series:Saudi Dental Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905222001419
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author Ette Soraya Shahnaz Tadjoedin
Sunarso
author_facet Ette Soraya Shahnaz Tadjoedin
Sunarso
author_sort Ette Soraya Shahnaz Tadjoedin
collection DOAJ
description Objective: A triphasic bone graft block composed of gypsum, brushite, and monetite is expected to be better for regenerating bone than a gypsum-hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate block. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fabricate and evaluate the mechanical properties of a newly developed triphasic block composed of gypsum, brushite, and monetite. Materials and method: Triphasic blocks were prepared by mixing calcium sulfate hemihydrate, brushite, and monetite powders with distilled water at a powder-to-liquid ratio of 0.5. The content of calcium sulfate hemihydrate was fixed at 50%, and the contents of brushite and monetite powders were varied. After molding and setting, the obtained blocks were characterized, and their mechanical properties were evaluated. Results: The triphasic blocks were prepared and could maintain their shape without collapsing. The XRD characterization of the obtained triphasic blocks showed that only three phases existed in the block. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate was transformed into its dihydrate form and provided mechanical strength to the block through a setting mechanism. The transformation of calcium sulfate hemihydrate into its dihydrate crystals formed an interlocked structure that was disrupted in triphasic blocks, as observed in SEM images. The disruption of the interlocked structure resulted in lower mechanical strength of the obtained triphasic blocks compared to the set gypsum control. The variation in brushite and monetite composition did not affect the mechanical properties of the triphasic blocks. Conclusion: The triphasic gypsum-brushite-monetite block was successfully prepared, and no other crystal phases were found. The triphasic blocks could maintain their shape after setting. The addition of brushite and monetite powders disrupted the interlocked structure of the set gypsum crystal, resulting in a decrease in mechanical strength. Furthermore, the variation in brushite and monetite powders did not affect the mechanical properties of the triphasic blocks.
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spelling doaj-art-2ecf4f45786c4b709005b65722c09d0a2025-08-20T03:18:42ZengSpringerSaudi Dental Journal1013-90522022-12-0134875776210.1016/j.sdentj.2022.11.005Fabrication and mechanical properties of newly developed triphasic blocks composed of gypsum-brushite-monetite for bone graft applicationsEtte Soraya Shahnaz Tadjoedin0 Sunarso1Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta, Indonesia; Corresponding author at: Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba No. 4, Jakarta, Indonesia.Objective: A triphasic bone graft block composed of gypsum, brushite, and monetite is expected to be better for regenerating bone than a gypsum-hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate block. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fabricate and evaluate the mechanical properties of a newly developed triphasic block composed of gypsum, brushite, and monetite. Materials and method: Triphasic blocks were prepared by mixing calcium sulfate hemihydrate, brushite, and monetite powders with distilled water at a powder-to-liquid ratio of 0.5. The content of calcium sulfate hemihydrate was fixed at 50%, and the contents of brushite and monetite powders were varied. After molding and setting, the obtained blocks were characterized, and their mechanical properties were evaluated. Results: The triphasic blocks were prepared and could maintain their shape without collapsing. The XRD characterization of the obtained triphasic blocks showed that only three phases existed in the block. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate was transformed into its dihydrate form and provided mechanical strength to the block through a setting mechanism. The transformation of calcium sulfate hemihydrate into its dihydrate crystals formed an interlocked structure that was disrupted in triphasic blocks, as observed in SEM images. The disruption of the interlocked structure resulted in lower mechanical strength of the obtained triphasic blocks compared to the set gypsum control. The variation in brushite and monetite composition did not affect the mechanical properties of the triphasic blocks. Conclusion: The triphasic gypsum-brushite-monetite block was successfully prepared, and no other crystal phases were found. The triphasic blocks could maintain their shape after setting. The addition of brushite and monetite powders disrupted the interlocked structure of the set gypsum crystal, resulting in a decrease in mechanical strength. Furthermore, the variation in brushite and monetite powders did not affect the mechanical properties of the triphasic blocks.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905222001419Triphasic blockGypsumBrushiteMonetiteMechanical properties
spellingShingle Ette Soraya Shahnaz Tadjoedin
Sunarso
Fabrication and mechanical properties of newly developed triphasic blocks composed of gypsum-brushite-monetite for bone graft applications
Saudi Dental Journal
Triphasic block
Gypsum
Brushite
Monetite
Mechanical properties
title Fabrication and mechanical properties of newly developed triphasic blocks composed of gypsum-brushite-monetite for bone graft applications
title_full Fabrication and mechanical properties of newly developed triphasic blocks composed of gypsum-brushite-monetite for bone graft applications
title_fullStr Fabrication and mechanical properties of newly developed triphasic blocks composed of gypsum-brushite-monetite for bone graft applications
title_full_unstemmed Fabrication and mechanical properties of newly developed triphasic blocks composed of gypsum-brushite-monetite for bone graft applications
title_short Fabrication and mechanical properties of newly developed triphasic blocks composed of gypsum-brushite-monetite for bone graft applications
title_sort fabrication and mechanical properties of newly developed triphasic blocks composed of gypsum brushite monetite for bone graft applications
topic Triphasic block
Gypsum
Brushite
Monetite
Mechanical properties
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905222001419
work_keys_str_mv AT ettesorayashahnaztadjoedin fabricationandmechanicalpropertiesofnewlydevelopedtriphasicblockscomposedofgypsumbrushitemonetiteforbonegraftapplications
AT sunarso fabricationandmechanicalpropertiesofnewlydevelopedtriphasicblockscomposedofgypsumbrushitemonetiteforbonegraftapplications