The Functions of Major Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

<b>Background:</b> Gut microbiomes play a vital role in maintaining whole-body metabolic homeostasis. It has gained significant attention in recent years due to advancements in genome sequencing technologies and a deeper understanding of its relationship with obesity. However, the specif...

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Main Authors: Siman Liu, Zhipeng Tao, Mingyu Qiao, Limin Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Metabolites
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/3/167
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author Siman Liu
Zhipeng Tao
Mingyu Qiao
Limin Shi
author_facet Siman Liu
Zhipeng Tao
Mingyu Qiao
Limin Shi
author_sort Siman Liu
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Gut microbiomes play a vital role in maintaining whole-body metabolic homeostasis. It has gained significant attention in recent years due to advancements in genome sequencing technologies and a deeper understanding of its relationship with obesity. However, the specific ways in which different microorganisms directly or indirectly influence host obesity, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remain uncertain because of the complexity of gut microbiota composition. <b>Methods:</b> In this review, we summarize the roles of the major gut microbiota phyla such as <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Proteobacteria</i>, and <i>Verrucomicrobia</i> in obesity and type 2 diabetes based on studies published in the past five years on PubMed and Google Scholar. The current therapeutic strategies associated with gut microbiota are also explored from clinical trials, and challenges and future directions are discussed. <b>Results and Conclusions:</b> This review will provide a deeper understanding of the functions of major gut microbiota in obesity and type 2 diabetes, which could lead to more individualized and effective treatments for metabolic diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-2ececd0baa0d413ba8574aebc7f3001f2025-08-20T02:42:26ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892025-03-0115316710.3390/metabo15030167The Functions of Major Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type 2 DiabetesSiman Liu0Zhipeng Tao1Mingyu Qiao2Limin Shi3Departments of Nutritional Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USADepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX 76204, USADepartments of Nutritional Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USADepartments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA<b>Background:</b> Gut microbiomes play a vital role in maintaining whole-body metabolic homeostasis. It has gained significant attention in recent years due to advancements in genome sequencing technologies and a deeper understanding of its relationship with obesity. However, the specific ways in which different microorganisms directly or indirectly influence host obesity, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remain uncertain because of the complexity of gut microbiota composition. <b>Methods:</b> In this review, we summarize the roles of the major gut microbiota phyla such as <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Proteobacteria</i>, and <i>Verrucomicrobia</i> in obesity and type 2 diabetes based on studies published in the past five years on PubMed and Google Scholar. The current therapeutic strategies associated with gut microbiota are also explored from clinical trials, and challenges and future directions are discussed. <b>Results and Conclusions:</b> This review will provide a deeper understanding of the functions of major gut microbiota in obesity and type 2 diabetes, which could lead to more individualized and effective treatments for metabolic diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/3/167gut microbiome<i>Bacteroidetes</i><i>Firmicutes</i><i>Proteobacteria</i><i>Verrucomicrobia</i>clinical trial
spellingShingle Siman Liu
Zhipeng Tao
Mingyu Qiao
Limin Shi
The Functions of Major Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Metabolites
gut microbiome
<i>Bacteroidetes</i>
<i>Firmicutes</i>
<i>Proteobacteria</i>
<i>Verrucomicrobia</i>
clinical trial
title The Functions of Major Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
title_full The Functions of Major Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
title_fullStr The Functions of Major Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
title_full_unstemmed The Functions of Major Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
title_short The Functions of Major Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
title_sort functions of major gut microbiota in obesity and type 2 diabetes
topic gut microbiome
<i>Bacteroidetes</i>
<i>Firmicutes</i>
<i>Proteobacteria</i>
<i>Verrucomicrobia</i>
clinical trial
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/3/167
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