Medication reconciliation knowledge assessment among community and hospital pharmacists in a Nigerian metropolitan city

Abstract Background Medication reconciliation is the process of comparing a patient’s medication orders to all the medications that the patient has been taking. It is a patient-focused clinical care service rendered by healthcare practitioners to reduce medication-related patient harm and to improve...

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Main Authors: Akinniyi Akinbiyi Aje, Olamide Akinniyi Bello, Ayokunumi Samuel Ogunbola
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Discover Education
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00725-x
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author Akinniyi Akinbiyi Aje
Olamide Akinniyi Bello
Ayokunumi Samuel Ogunbola
author_facet Akinniyi Akinbiyi Aje
Olamide Akinniyi Bello
Ayokunumi Samuel Ogunbola
author_sort Akinniyi Akinbiyi Aje
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Medication reconciliation is the process of comparing a patient’s medication orders to all the medications that the patient has been taking. It is a patient-focused clinical care service rendered by healthcare practitioners to reduce medication-related patient harm and to improve patient outcomes. Assessment of community and hospital pharmacists’ knowledge on medication reconciliation is needful to ascertain their knowledge of the concept and to serve as a template for intervention, if necessary. Methods This study aimed at assessing medication reconciliation knowledge among community and hospital pharmacists. A cross-sectional study was carried out among pharmacists working at community and hospital pharmacies in a developing country, using a validated semi-structure questionnaire. Data was summarized using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi square and independent-samples t-test) with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results One hundred and thirty-three pharmacists participated in the study. Medication reconciliation knowledge assessment scores, out of a maximum obtainable score of 29, for the community and hospital pharmacists were 12.42 ± 4.99 and 14.9 ± 4.94 (p = 0.011), respectively. Only 18 (21.4%) community pharmacists and 13 (26.5%) knew the three steps involved in medication reconciliation. Thirty (35.7%) community pharmacists and 29 (59.2%) hospital pharmacists knew that medication reconciliation is a teamwork among all the healthcare practitioners, and not to be carried out by pharmacists or any of the other healthcare practitioners in isolation. Sixty-nine (82.1%) community pharmacists and 39 (79.6%) hospital pharmacists knew that dietary supplements must be considered in medication reconciliation. Majority, 55 (66.5%) of the community pharmacists and 22 (44.9%) hospital pharmacists had “poor” medication reconciliation knowledge. However, additional educational qualification, work experience and gender did not significantly influence pharmacists’ knowledge of medication reconciliation. Conclusion Knowledge of the pharmacists on medication reconciliation was poor. This could be a pointer to inadequate medication reconciliation practice among the study population. There is need to carry out an educational intervention among community and hospital pharmacists to address the medication reconciliation knowledge gaps identified.
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spelling doaj-art-2eb49b01e9e1405eb8d2bdf2642008242025-08-20T03:06:02ZengSpringerDiscover Education2731-55252025-08-01411910.1007/s44217-025-00725-xMedication reconciliation knowledge assessment among community and hospital pharmacists in a Nigerian metropolitan cityAkinniyi Akinbiyi Aje0Olamide Akinniyi Bello1Ayokunumi Samuel Ogunbola2Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of IbadanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of IbadanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of IbadanAbstract Background Medication reconciliation is the process of comparing a patient’s medication orders to all the medications that the patient has been taking. It is a patient-focused clinical care service rendered by healthcare practitioners to reduce medication-related patient harm and to improve patient outcomes. Assessment of community and hospital pharmacists’ knowledge on medication reconciliation is needful to ascertain their knowledge of the concept and to serve as a template for intervention, if necessary. Methods This study aimed at assessing medication reconciliation knowledge among community and hospital pharmacists. A cross-sectional study was carried out among pharmacists working at community and hospital pharmacies in a developing country, using a validated semi-structure questionnaire. Data was summarized using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi square and independent-samples t-test) with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results One hundred and thirty-three pharmacists participated in the study. Medication reconciliation knowledge assessment scores, out of a maximum obtainable score of 29, for the community and hospital pharmacists were 12.42 ± 4.99 and 14.9 ± 4.94 (p = 0.011), respectively. Only 18 (21.4%) community pharmacists and 13 (26.5%) knew the three steps involved in medication reconciliation. Thirty (35.7%) community pharmacists and 29 (59.2%) hospital pharmacists knew that medication reconciliation is a teamwork among all the healthcare practitioners, and not to be carried out by pharmacists or any of the other healthcare practitioners in isolation. Sixty-nine (82.1%) community pharmacists and 39 (79.6%) hospital pharmacists knew that dietary supplements must be considered in medication reconciliation. Majority, 55 (66.5%) of the community pharmacists and 22 (44.9%) hospital pharmacists had “poor” medication reconciliation knowledge. However, additional educational qualification, work experience and gender did not significantly influence pharmacists’ knowledge of medication reconciliation. Conclusion Knowledge of the pharmacists on medication reconciliation was poor. This could be a pointer to inadequate medication reconciliation practice among the study population. There is need to carry out an educational intervention among community and hospital pharmacists to address the medication reconciliation knowledge gaps identified.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00725-xMedication reconciliationKnowledge assessmentCommunity pharmacistsHospital pharmacistsDeveloping country
spellingShingle Akinniyi Akinbiyi Aje
Olamide Akinniyi Bello
Ayokunumi Samuel Ogunbola
Medication reconciliation knowledge assessment among community and hospital pharmacists in a Nigerian metropolitan city
Discover Education
Medication reconciliation
Knowledge assessment
Community pharmacists
Hospital pharmacists
Developing country
title Medication reconciliation knowledge assessment among community and hospital pharmacists in a Nigerian metropolitan city
title_full Medication reconciliation knowledge assessment among community and hospital pharmacists in a Nigerian metropolitan city
title_fullStr Medication reconciliation knowledge assessment among community and hospital pharmacists in a Nigerian metropolitan city
title_full_unstemmed Medication reconciliation knowledge assessment among community and hospital pharmacists in a Nigerian metropolitan city
title_short Medication reconciliation knowledge assessment among community and hospital pharmacists in a Nigerian metropolitan city
title_sort medication reconciliation knowledge assessment among community and hospital pharmacists in a nigerian metropolitan city
topic Medication reconciliation
Knowledge assessment
Community pharmacists
Hospital pharmacists
Developing country
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00725-x
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