MG1-1995959: An Eclipsing Binary Star with a Pronounced O’Connell Effect
MG1-1995959 is a short-period (∼0.586 day) eclipsing binary, exhibiting at times an extraordinarily large O’Connell effect (OE), for which this paper reports its discovery, time series photometry, and spectroscopic observation. The photometry is scattered across years 2001–2023, with spectroscopic o...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add013 |
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| author | Eric R. Craine Brian L. Craine Christopher J. Corbally Adam L. Kraus Andy S. Kulessa Roger B. Culver Grady Boyce Tim B. Hunter W. Marwood Mike Miller Geoffrey C. Stone |
| author_facet | Eric R. Craine Brian L. Craine Christopher J. Corbally Adam L. Kraus Andy S. Kulessa Roger B. Culver Grady Boyce Tim B. Hunter W. Marwood Mike Miller Geoffrey C. Stone |
| author_sort | Eric R. Craine |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | MG1-1995959 is a short-period (∼0.586 day) eclipsing binary, exhibiting at times an extraordinarily large O’Connell effect (OE), for which this paper reports its discovery, time series photometry, and spectroscopic observation. The photometry is scattered across years 2001–2023, with spectroscopic observations from 2023. Photometric curves exhibit classical OE asymmetries, whereby maxima following primary and secondary eclipses are of different magnitudes. Short time span photometric time series provide static characterizations of OE stars yielding incomplete representations of critical macrobehavior. In contrast, MG1-1995959 photometry is of sufficient duration to indicate pronounced changes in such behavior, suggesting that intense observing programs can provide key benchmark data to better inform complex modeling efforts. Spectra indicate the primary to be K1 Vk(e), and the secondary type is ∼K5 V. PHOEBE modeling of the light curve from 2014 enables estimation of key stellar parameters (primary/secondary): T _eff [K] (5110/4260), and, in solar units, mass (0.86/0.68) and radius (0.93/0.65). The inclination of the system was found to be ∼78°. PHOEBE modeling of light curves from 2013, 2022, and 2023 is presented, demonstrating (1) the light curves can be well fit by invoking distributions of star spots, (2) optimal spot sizes and distributions vary dramatically as a function of time, and (3) this is a powerful tool with which to investigate the short term evolution of this star. MG1-1995959 is an accessible star with dynamic and unusual behavior deserving of intensive study to better understand nuances of the OE and the nature of late-type main-sequence stars. |
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| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-2eb44e377fe14df5a96535f02af26cac2025-08-20T02:07:12ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01986219210.3847/1538-4357/add013MG1-1995959: An Eclipsing Binary Star with a Pronounced O’Connell EffectEric R. Craine0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6083-4259Brian L. Craine1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-0575Christopher J. Corbally2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-887XAdam L. Kraus3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9811-568XAndy S. Kulessa4Roger B. Culver5https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5166-4579Grady Boyce6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-8720Tim B. Hunter7W. Marwood8Mike Miller9Geoffrey C. Stone10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-9162Western Research Company Inc. , 4681 N. Cerritos Dr., Tucson, AZ 85741, USA ; ercraine@wrc-inc.com; GNAT Inc., 4681 N. Cerritos Dr., Tucson, AZ 85741, USAWestern Research Company Inc. , 4681 N. Cerritos Dr., Tucson, AZ 85741, USA ; ercraine@wrc-inc.com; GNAT Inc., 4681 N. Cerritos Dr., Tucson, AZ 85741, USAVatican Observatory Research Group, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Texas , Austin, TX 78712, USAGNAT Inc., 4681 N. Cerritos Dr., Tucson, AZ 85741, USA; Colin Gum Observatory , PO Box 1786, Burnside, SA 5066, AustraliaGNAT Inc., 4681 N. Cerritos Dr., Tucson, AZ 85741, USA; Colorado State University , Department of Physics, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USABoyce Research Initiatives and Education Foundation (BRIEF) , 1433 Burroughs St., Oceanside, CA 92054, USAGrasslands Observatory , 4571 East Avenida Shelly, Tucson, AZ 85718, USAMarwood Observatory , PO Box 516, Greenacres, SA 5086, AustraliaGeorgetown Observatory , 221 Bluestem Dr., Georgetown, TX 78633, USADimension Point Observatory , 14 Galaxy Point, Mayhill, NM 88339, USAMG1-1995959 is a short-period (∼0.586 day) eclipsing binary, exhibiting at times an extraordinarily large O’Connell effect (OE), for which this paper reports its discovery, time series photometry, and spectroscopic observation. The photometry is scattered across years 2001–2023, with spectroscopic observations from 2023. Photometric curves exhibit classical OE asymmetries, whereby maxima following primary and secondary eclipses are of different magnitudes. Short time span photometric time series provide static characterizations of OE stars yielding incomplete representations of critical macrobehavior. In contrast, MG1-1995959 photometry is of sufficient duration to indicate pronounced changes in such behavior, suggesting that intense observing programs can provide key benchmark data to better inform complex modeling efforts. Spectra indicate the primary to be K1 Vk(e), and the secondary type is ∼K5 V. PHOEBE modeling of the light curve from 2014 enables estimation of key stellar parameters (primary/secondary): T _eff [K] (5110/4260), and, in solar units, mass (0.86/0.68) and radius (0.93/0.65). The inclination of the system was found to be ∼78°. PHOEBE modeling of light curves from 2013, 2022, and 2023 is presented, demonstrating (1) the light curves can be well fit by invoking distributions of star spots, (2) optimal spot sizes and distributions vary dramatically as a function of time, and (3) this is a powerful tool with which to investigate the short term evolution of this star. MG1-1995959 is an accessible star with dynamic and unusual behavior deserving of intensive study to better understand nuances of the OE and the nature of late-type main-sequence stars.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add013Stellar chromospheresEclipsing binary starsBinary starsEclipsing binary minima timing methodStar spots |
| spellingShingle | Eric R. Craine Brian L. Craine Christopher J. Corbally Adam L. Kraus Andy S. Kulessa Roger B. Culver Grady Boyce Tim B. Hunter W. Marwood Mike Miller Geoffrey C. Stone MG1-1995959: An Eclipsing Binary Star with a Pronounced O’Connell Effect The Astrophysical Journal Stellar chromospheres Eclipsing binary stars Binary stars Eclipsing binary minima timing method Star spots |
| title | MG1-1995959: An Eclipsing Binary Star with a Pronounced O’Connell Effect |
| title_full | MG1-1995959: An Eclipsing Binary Star with a Pronounced O’Connell Effect |
| title_fullStr | MG1-1995959: An Eclipsing Binary Star with a Pronounced O’Connell Effect |
| title_full_unstemmed | MG1-1995959: An Eclipsing Binary Star with a Pronounced O’Connell Effect |
| title_short | MG1-1995959: An Eclipsing Binary Star with a Pronounced O’Connell Effect |
| title_sort | mg1 1995959 an eclipsing binary star with a pronounced o connell effect |
| topic | Stellar chromospheres Eclipsing binary stars Binary stars Eclipsing binary minima timing method Star spots |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add013 |
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