Development of a Printed Sensor and Wireless Measurement System for Urination Monitoring

The development of reliable and efficient sensors is essential for advances in health monitoring technologies. This study focused on the fabrication and evaluation of a multichannel printed sensor electrode designed for long-term stability and effective data acquisition. Using rapid printing technol...

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Main Authors: Lan Zhang, En Takashi, Jian Lu, Sohei Matsumoto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/2961
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author Lan Zhang
En Takashi
Jian Lu
Sohei Matsumoto
author_facet Lan Zhang
En Takashi
Jian Lu
Sohei Matsumoto
author_sort Lan Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The development of reliable and efficient sensors is essential for advances in health monitoring technologies. This study focused on the fabrication and evaluation of a multichannel printed sensor electrode designed for long-term stability and effective data acquisition. Using rapid printing technology, we created a urine sensor array with extended electrodes for the measurement of urine volume and frequency. The ultrathin design of the sensor electrode, with an average thickness of only 30 microns, ensures both user comfort and measurement accuracy. The sensor electrode dimensions were meticulously designed, measured, and optimized through successful trial manufacturing of the sensor electrode and sensor array. Comprehensive evaluation of the fabricated sensor demonstrated excellent performance, including a high response speed of ≤1 s and long-term stability exceeding 5 weeks. In addition, wireless transmission capabilities and user interfaces were developed for field experiments. Finally, animal experiments were performed to evaluate the field performance of the fabricated sensor. Accordingly, we are confident that the sensor developed herein will contribute to enhancing healthcare in an aging society.
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issn 1424-8220
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spelling doaj-art-2ea1d73e0916455fad6039fb76ab4a1e2025-08-20T02:33:51ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012510296110.3390/s25102961Development of a Printed Sensor and Wireless Measurement System for Urination MonitoringLan Zhang0En Takashi1Jian Lu2Sohei Matsumoto3Device Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, JapanFaculty of Nursing, Nagano College of Nursing, Akaho, Komagane, Nagano 399-4117, JapanDevice Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, JapanDevice Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, JapanThe development of reliable and efficient sensors is essential for advances in health monitoring technologies. This study focused on the fabrication and evaluation of a multichannel printed sensor electrode designed for long-term stability and effective data acquisition. Using rapid printing technology, we created a urine sensor array with extended electrodes for the measurement of urine volume and frequency. The ultrathin design of the sensor electrode, with an average thickness of only 30 microns, ensures both user comfort and measurement accuracy. The sensor electrode dimensions were meticulously designed, measured, and optimized through successful trial manufacturing of the sensor electrode and sensor array. Comprehensive evaluation of the fabricated sensor demonstrated excellent performance, including a high response speed of ≤1 s and long-term stability exceeding 5 weeks. In addition, wireless transmission capabilities and user interfaces were developed for field experiments. Finally, animal experiments were performed to evaluate the field performance of the fabricated sensor. Accordingly, we are confident that the sensor developed herein will contribute to enhancing healthcare in an aging society.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/2961urinary monitoring sensoranimal health monitoringreal-time measurementsensor printing technology
spellingShingle Lan Zhang
En Takashi
Jian Lu
Sohei Matsumoto
Development of a Printed Sensor and Wireless Measurement System for Urination Monitoring
Sensors
urinary monitoring sensor
animal health monitoring
real-time measurement
sensor printing technology
title Development of a Printed Sensor and Wireless Measurement System for Urination Monitoring
title_full Development of a Printed Sensor and Wireless Measurement System for Urination Monitoring
title_fullStr Development of a Printed Sensor and Wireless Measurement System for Urination Monitoring
title_full_unstemmed Development of a Printed Sensor and Wireless Measurement System for Urination Monitoring
title_short Development of a Printed Sensor and Wireless Measurement System for Urination Monitoring
title_sort development of a printed sensor and wireless measurement system for urination monitoring
topic urinary monitoring sensor
animal health monitoring
real-time measurement
sensor printing technology
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/2961
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