Virus-like particles: Innovative strategies for combatting emerging and re-emerging viral threats

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are non-infectious nanostructures that closely mimic the architecture and surface features of native viruses while lacking genetic material. This structural resemblance, combined with their inherent safety, positions VLPs as powerful tools in addressing the growing challe...

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Main Authors: Bugude Laxmi, Palempalli Uma Maheswari Devi, Thanjavur Naveen, Viswanath Buddolla
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:The Microbe
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194625001190
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author Bugude Laxmi
Palempalli Uma Maheswari Devi
Thanjavur Naveen
Viswanath Buddolla
author_facet Bugude Laxmi
Palempalli Uma Maheswari Devi
Thanjavur Naveen
Viswanath Buddolla
author_sort Bugude Laxmi
collection DOAJ
description Virus-like particles (VLPs) are non-infectious nanostructures that closely mimic the architecture and surface features of native viruses while lacking genetic material. This structural resemblance, combined with their inherent safety, positions VLPs as powerful tools in addressing the growing challenges posed by emerging and re-emerging viral threats. This review highlights their significant contributions in three key areas: vaccine development, viral diagnostics, and environmental surveillance. In the field of vaccinology, VLPs have shown remarkable potential to elicit robust immune responses, making them suitable for designing multivalent and broad-spectrum vaccines, particularly against zoonotic and vector-borne viruses. In diagnostics, their use in assay development has significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of viral detection, offering promise for rapid and accurate identification of pathogens. Moreover, VLPs are being increasingly explored in environmental monitoring systems, where they contribute to the early detection of viral pathogens in water and other ecological matrices. These applications not only enhance our understanding of virus transmission dynamics but also support public health preparedness. VLPs also serve as valuable tools for studying viral immune evasion mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions, contributing to our understanding of viral evolution. Their adaptability and multifunctionality suggest that VLPs will play an increasingly important role in global virology research, disease prevention, and pandemic preparedness.
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spelling doaj-art-2ea1152c4e4941caabf812d772cdb6012025-08-20T02:18:50ZengElsevierThe Microbe2950-19462025-06-01710035110.1016/j.microb.2025.100351Virus-like particles: Innovative strategies for combatting emerging and re-emerging viral threatsBugude Laxmi0Palempalli Uma Maheswari Devi1Thanjavur Naveen2Viswanath Buddolla3Department of Applied Microbiology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Padmavathi Nagar, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502, IndiaDepartment of Applied Microbiology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Padmavathi Nagar, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502, IndiaDr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences (A Unit of Dr. Buddolla’s Research and Educational Society), Tirupati 517506, IndiaDr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences (A Unit of Dr. Buddolla’s Research and Educational Society), Tirupati 517506, India; Corresponding author.Virus-like particles (VLPs) are non-infectious nanostructures that closely mimic the architecture and surface features of native viruses while lacking genetic material. This structural resemblance, combined with their inherent safety, positions VLPs as powerful tools in addressing the growing challenges posed by emerging and re-emerging viral threats. This review highlights their significant contributions in three key areas: vaccine development, viral diagnostics, and environmental surveillance. In the field of vaccinology, VLPs have shown remarkable potential to elicit robust immune responses, making them suitable for designing multivalent and broad-spectrum vaccines, particularly against zoonotic and vector-borne viruses. In diagnostics, their use in assay development has significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of viral detection, offering promise for rapid and accurate identification of pathogens. Moreover, VLPs are being increasingly explored in environmental monitoring systems, where they contribute to the early detection of viral pathogens in water and other ecological matrices. These applications not only enhance our understanding of virus transmission dynamics but also support public health preparedness. VLPs also serve as valuable tools for studying viral immune evasion mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions, contributing to our understanding of viral evolution. Their adaptability and multifunctionality suggest that VLPs will play an increasingly important role in global virology research, disease prevention, and pandemic preparedness.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194625001190Virus-like particlesEmerging virusesRe-emerging virusesZoonotic virusesMultivalent vaccines
spellingShingle Bugude Laxmi
Palempalli Uma Maheswari Devi
Thanjavur Naveen
Viswanath Buddolla
Virus-like particles: Innovative strategies for combatting emerging and re-emerging viral threats
The Microbe
Virus-like particles
Emerging viruses
Re-emerging viruses
Zoonotic viruses
Multivalent vaccines
title Virus-like particles: Innovative strategies for combatting emerging and re-emerging viral threats
title_full Virus-like particles: Innovative strategies for combatting emerging and re-emerging viral threats
title_fullStr Virus-like particles: Innovative strategies for combatting emerging and re-emerging viral threats
title_full_unstemmed Virus-like particles: Innovative strategies for combatting emerging and re-emerging viral threats
title_short Virus-like particles: Innovative strategies for combatting emerging and re-emerging viral threats
title_sort virus like particles innovative strategies for combatting emerging and re emerging viral threats
topic Virus-like particles
Emerging viruses
Re-emerging viruses
Zoonotic viruses
Multivalent vaccines
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194625001190
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