Prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study

AIM: To explore the prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors. METHODS: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on geriatric population aged 60 and over in Tehran, Iran from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020. Selected subjects were interviewed and subjected to optometric and...

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Main Authors: Alireza Hashemi, Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim, Hassan Hashemi, Pooneh Malekifar, Mehdi Khabazkhoob
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS) 2025-04-01
Series:International Journal of Ophthalmology
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Online Access:http://ies.ijo.cn/en_publish/2025/4/20250417.pdf
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author Alireza Hashemi
Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim
Hassan Hashemi
Pooneh Malekifar
Mehdi Khabazkhoob
author_facet Alireza Hashemi
Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim
Hassan Hashemi
Pooneh Malekifar
Mehdi Khabazkhoob
author_sort Alireza Hashemi
collection DOAJ
description AIM: To explore the prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors. METHODS: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on geriatric population aged 60 and over in Tehran, Iran from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020. Selected subjects were interviewed and subjected to optometric and ophthalmic examinations. RESULTS: The age and sex standardized prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula was 3.64% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.94%–4.49%] and 55.57% (95%CI: 52.89%–58.22%), respectively. The prevalence of pterygium was 4.52% (95%CI: 3.5%–5.81%) in men and 2.79% (95%CI: 1.97%–3.94%) in women and the prevalence of pinguecula was 64.56% (95%CI: 60.92%–68.03%) in men and 46.72% (95%CI: 43.74%–49.72%) in women. According to the results of multiple logistic regression, pinguecula had a significant correlation with male sex [odds ratio (OR): 2.21, 95%CI: 1.63–2.99] and education level (OR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.35-0.77) and pterygium had a significant relationship with male sex (OR: 2.2, 95%CI: 1.38–3.52), socioeconomic status (SES, OR: 0.5, 95%CI: 0.26–0.97), education level (OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.08–0.61). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium in this study are lower than other studies. Sex, SES, and education level are the risk factors of the prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS)
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spelling doaj-art-2e9abec8c5394fa3bf54a87932d4bc7e2025-08-20T03:42:52ZengPress of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS)International Journal of Ophthalmology2222-39592227-48982025-04-0118469970610.18240/ijo.2025.04.1720250417Prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors: Tehran Geriatric Eye StudyAlireza Hashemi0Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim1Hassan Hashemi2Pooneh Malekifar3Mehdi Khabazkhoob4Hassan Hashemi. Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran 1983963113, Iran. hhashemi@noorvision.comTranslational Ophthalmology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1157715354, IranNoor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran 1983963113, IranNoor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran 1983963113, IranDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1968653111, IranAIM: To explore the prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors. METHODS: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on geriatric population aged 60 and over in Tehran, Iran from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020. Selected subjects were interviewed and subjected to optometric and ophthalmic examinations. RESULTS: The age and sex standardized prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula was 3.64% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.94%–4.49%] and 55.57% (95%CI: 52.89%–58.22%), respectively. The prevalence of pterygium was 4.52% (95%CI: 3.5%–5.81%) in men and 2.79% (95%CI: 1.97%–3.94%) in women and the prevalence of pinguecula was 64.56% (95%CI: 60.92%–68.03%) in men and 46.72% (95%CI: 43.74%–49.72%) in women. According to the results of multiple logistic regression, pinguecula had a significant correlation with male sex [odds ratio (OR): 2.21, 95%CI: 1.63–2.99] and education level (OR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.35-0.77) and pterygium had a significant relationship with male sex (OR: 2.2, 95%CI: 1.38–3.52), socioeconomic status (SES, OR: 0.5, 95%CI: 0.26–0.97), education level (OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.08–0.61). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium in this study are lower than other studies. Sex, SES, and education level are the risk factors of the prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium.http://ies.ijo.cn/en_publish/2025/4/20250417.pdfpterygiumpingueculageriatric populationepidemiology
spellingShingle Alireza Hashemi
Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim
Hassan Hashemi
Pooneh Malekifar
Mehdi Khabazkhoob
Prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study
International Journal of Ophthalmology
pterygium
pinguecula
geriatric population
epidemiology
title Prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study
title_full Prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study
title_fullStr Prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study
title_short Prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study
title_sort prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors tehran geriatric eye study
topic pterygium
pinguecula
geriatric population
epidemiology
url http://ies.ijo.cn/en_publish/2025/4/20250417.pdf
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AT mohamadrezaaghamirsalim prevalenceofpterygiumandpingueculaandtheirriskfactorstehrangeriatriceyestudy
AT hassanhashemi prevalenceofpterygiumandpingueculaandtheirriskfactorstehrangeriatriceyestudy
AT poonehmalekifar prevalenceofpterygiumandpingueculaandtheirriskfactorstehrangeriatriceyestudy
AT mehdikhabazkhoob prevalenceofpterygiumandpingueculaandtheirriskfactorstehrangeriatriceyestudy