Coherence of Multidimensional Pair Production Discharges in Polar Caps of Pulsars

We report on the first self-consistent multidimensional particle-in-cell numerical simulations of nonhomogeneous pair discharges in polar caps of rotation-powered pulsars. By introducing strong inhomogeneities in the initial plasma distribution in our simulations, we analyze the degree of self-consi...

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Main Authors: Alexander Chernoglazov, Alexander Philippov, Andrey Timokhin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7e24
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author Alexander Chernoglazov
Alexander Philippov
Andrey Timokhin
author_facet Alexander Chernoglazov
Alexander Philippov
Andrey Timokhin
author_sort Alexander Chernoglazov
collection DOAJ
description We report on the first self-consistent multidimensional particle-in-cell numerical simulations of nonhomogeneous pair discharges in polar caps of rotation-powered pulsars. By introducing strong inhomogeneities in the initial plasma distribution in our simulations, we analyze the degree of self-consistently emerging coherence of discharges across magnetic field lines. In 2D, we study discharge evolution for a wide range of physical parameters and boundary conditions corresponding to both the absent and free escape of charged particles from the surface of a neutron star. We also present the results of the first 3D simulations of discharges in a polar cap with a distribution of the global magnetospheric current appropriate for a pulsar with 60° inclination angle. For all parameters, we find the coherence scale of pair discharges across magnetic field lines to be of the order of the gap height. We also demonstrate that the popular “spark” model of pair discharges is incompatible with the universally adopted force-free magnetosphere model: intermittent discharges fill the entire zone of the polar cap that allows pair cascades, leaving no space for discharge-free regions. Our findings disprove the key assumption of the spark model about the existence of isolated distinct discharge columns.
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spelling doaj-art-2e9902956b8749b1990a0881409c1e8d2025-08-20T02:39:25ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052024-01-019742L3210.3847/2041-8213/ad7e24Coherence of Multidimensional Pair Production Discharges in Polar Caps of PulsarsAlexander Chernoglazov0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5121-1594Alexander Philippov1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7801-0362Andrey Timokhin2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0067-1272Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA ; achernog@ias.edu; Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Institute for Advanced Study , Princeton, NJ 08540, USADepartment of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA ; achernog@ias.edu; Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USAJanusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra , ul. Szafrana 2, 65516, Zielona Góra, PolandWe report on the first self-consistent multidimensional particle-in-cell numerical simulations of nonhomogeneous pair discharges in polar caps of rotation-powered pulsars. By introducing strong inhomogeneities in the initial plasma distribution in our simulations, we analyze the degree of self-consistently emerging coherence of discharges across magnetic field lines. In 2D, we study discharge evolution for a wide range of physical parameters and boundary conditions corresponding to both the absent and free escape of charged particles from the surface of a neutron star. We also present the results of the first 3D simulations of discharges in a polar cap with a distribution of the global magnetospheric current appropriate for a pulsar with 60° inclination angle. For all parameters, we find the coherence scale of pair discharges across magnetic field lines to be of the order of the gap height. We also demonstrate that the popular “spark” model of pair discharges is incompatible with the universally adopted force-free magnetosphere model: intermittent discharges fill the entire zone of the polar cap that allows pair cascades, leaving no space for discharge-free regions. Our findings disprove the key assumption of the spark model about the existence of isolated distinct discharge columns.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7e24PulsarsRadio pulsarsPlasma astrophysicsPlasma physicsHigh energy astrophysics
spellingShingle Alexander Chernoglazov
Alexander Philippov
Andrey Timokhin
Coherence of Multidimensional Pair Production Discharges in Polar Caps of Pulsars
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Pulsars
Radio pulsars
Plasma astrophysics
Plasma physics
High energy astrophysics
title Coherence of Multidimensional Pair Production Discharges in Polar Caps of Pulsars
title_full Coherence of Multidimensional Pair Production Discharges in Polar Caps of Pulsars
title_fullStr Coherence of Multidimensional Pair Production Discharges in Polar Caps of Pulsars
title_full_unstemmed Coherence of Multidimensional Pair Production Discharges in Polar Caps of Pulsars
title_short Coherence of Multidimensional Pair Production Discharges in Polar Caps of Pulsars
title_sort coherence of multidimensional pair production discharges in polar caps of pulsars
topic Pulsars
Radio pulsars
Plasma astrophysics
Plasma physics
High energy astrophysics
url https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7e24
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