Machine learning prediction of ammonia nitrogen adsorption on biochar with model evaluation and optimization

Abstract In light of escalating nitrogen pollution in aquatic systems, this study presents a comprehensive machine learning (ML) approach to predict ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity of biochar and identify optimal conditions. Twelve ML models, including tree-based ensembles, kernel-based methods...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chong Liu, Paramasivan Balasubramanian, Jingxian An, Fayong Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:npj Clean Water
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-024-00429-z
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850190795654561792
author Chong Liu
Paramasivan Balasubramanian
Jingxian An
Fayong Li
author_facet Chong Liu
Paramasivan Balasubramanian
Jingxian An
Fayong Li
author_sort Chong Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In light of escalating nitrogen pollution in aquatic systems, this study presents a comprehensive machine learning (ML) approach to predict ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity of biochar and identify optimal conditions. Twelve ML models, including tree-based ensembles, kernel-based methods, and deep learning, were evaluated using Bayesian optimization and cross-validation. Results show tree-based ensemble models excel, with CatBoost performing best (R² = 0.9329, RMSE = 0.5378) and demonstrating strong generalization. Using SHAP and Partial Dependence Plots, we found experimental conditions (67.2%) and biochar’s chemical properties (18.2%) most influenced adsorption capacity. Moreover, under these experimental conditions (C₀ > 50 mg/L and pH 6–9), a higher adsorption capacity could achieved. A Python-based GUI incorporating CatBoost facilitates practical applications in designing efficient biochar adsorption systems. By merging advanced ML techniques and interpretability tools, this study deepens understanding of biochar’s ammonia adsorption and supports sustainable strategies for mitigating nitrogen pollution.
format Article
id doaj-art-2e980760c4a74365ae55cbcd98eb65e1
institution OA Journals
issn 2059-7037
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Clean Water
spelling doaj-art-2e980760c4a74365ae55cbcd98eb65e12025-08-20T02:15:11ZengNature Portfolionpj Clean Water2059-70372025-02-018111210.1038/s41545-024-00429-zMachine learning prediction of ammonia nitrogen adsorption on biochar with model evaluation and optimizationChong Liu0Paramasivan Balasubramanian1Jingxian An2Fayong Li3Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of AucklandDepartment of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology RourkelaDepartment of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of AucklandCollege of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Tarim UniversityAbstract In light of escalating nitrogen pollution in aquatic systems, this study presents a comprehensive machine learning (ML) approach to predict ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity of biochar and identify optimal conditions. Twelve ML models, including tree-based ensembles, kernel-based methods, and deep learning, were evaluated using Bayesian optimization and cross-validation. Results show tree-based ensemble models excel, with CatBoost performing best (R² = 0.9329, RMSE = 0.5378) and demonstrating strong generalization. Using SHAP and Partial Dependence Plots, we found experimental conditions (67.2%) and biochar’s chemical properties (18.2%) most influenced adsorption capacity. Moreover, under these experimental conditions (C₀ > 50 mg/L and pH 6–9), a higher adsorption capacity could achieved. A Python-based GUI incorporating CatBoost facilitates practical applications in designing efficient biochar adsorption systems. By merging advanced ML techniques and interpretability tools, this study deepens understanding of biochar’s ammonia adsorption and supports sustainable strategies for mitigating nitrogen pollution.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-024-00429-z
spellingShingle Chong Liu
Paramasivan Balasubramanian
Jingxian An
Fayong Li
Machine learning prediction of ammonia nitrogen adsorption on biochar with model evaluation and optimization
npj Clean Water
title Machine learning prediction of ammonia nitrogen adsorption on biochar with model evaluation and optimization
title_full Machine learning prediction of ammonia nitrogen adsorption on biochar with model evaluation and optimization
title_fullStr Machine learning prediction of ammonia nitrogen adsorption on biochar with model evaluation and optimization
title_full_unstemmed Machine learning prediction of ammonia nitrogen adsorption on biochar with model evaluation and optimization
title_short Machine learning prediction of ammonia nitrogen adsorption on biochar with model evaluation and optimization
title_sort machine learning prediction of ammonia nitrogen adsorption on biochar with model evaluation and optimization
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-024-00429-z
work_keys_str_mv AT chongliu machinelearningpredictionofammonianitrogenadsorptiononbiocharwithmodelevaluationandoptimization
AT paramasivanbalasubramanian machinelearningpredictionofammonianitrogenadsorptiononbiocharwithmodelevaluationandoptimization
AT jingxianan machinelearningpredictionofammonianitrogenadsorptiononbiocharwithmodelevaluationandoptimization
AT fayongli machinelearningpredictionofammonianitrogenadsorptiononbiocharwithmodelevaluationandoptimization