Groundwater residence times and hydrogeochemical processes in a shallow limestone aquifer overlying a deep-well CO2 injection demonstration site
Study region: South-western Victoria, Australia Study focus: Sequestration of CO2 is required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Multi-megatonne-scale CO2 storage projects are essential for net zero emissions particularly. A demonstration carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) project has b...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581825002435 |
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| author | William Howcroft Kexin Zhang Wendy Timms |
| author_facet | William Howcroft Kexin Zhang Wendy Timms |
| author_sort | William Howcroft |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Study region: South-western Victoria, Australia Study focus: Sequestration of CO2 is required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Multi-megatonne-scale CO2 storage projects are essential for net zero emissions particularly. A demonstration carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) project has been operating since 2003 at the Otway International Test Centre (OITC) in south-western Victoria, Australia by CO2CRC Limited. This paper presents new insights from a sub-set of the hydrogeochemical data focused on the 2020–2022 sampling campaigns, which included major ions, the stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and also sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). New hydrological insights for the region: A 500-fold improvement in analytical detection limits for SF6 enabled mean residence times (MRTs) to be estimated for the first time for groundwater within the Port Campbell Limestone (PCL). MRTs were within the range of ∼54 to ∼1380 years while the vertical hydraulic conductivity of this strata was estimated to be between 1.8 × 10−1 and 6.1 × 10−3 m/day. The stable isotope data indicate upward groundwater flow along an on-site, steeply dipping fault. The δ34S and δ18O isotopic composition of dissolved sulphate in most of the shallow groundwater samples most likely represents a mixture of rainfall and, to a lesser degree, sea spray, pyrite oxidation and bacterial sulphate reduction. The relatively high hydraulic conductivity values, low MRTs and similarity of stable isotope ratios for most samples relative to meteoric water suggest that groundwater flow rates within the PCL are relatively high. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e952595b7694b60afda82de2cb64beb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-5818 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |
| spelling | doaj-art-2e952595b7694b60afda82de2cb64beb2025-08-20T03:47:32ZengElsevierJournal of Hydrology: Regional Studies2214-58182025-06-015910241810.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102418Groundwater residence times and hydrogeochemical processes in a shallow limestone aquifer overlying a deep-well CO2 injection demonstration siteWilliam Howcroft0Kexin Zhang1Wendy Timms2Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin, Northern Territory 0810, Australia; Corresponding author.School of Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3220, AustraliaSchool of Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3220, AustraliaStudy region: South-western Victoria, Australia Study focus: Sequestration of CO2 is required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Multi-megatonne-scale CO2 storage projects are essential for net zero emissions particularly. A demonstration carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) project has been operating since 2003 at the Otway International Test Centre (OITC) in south-western Victoria, Australia by CO2CRC Limited. This paper presents new insights from a sub-set of the hydrogeochemical data focused on the 2020–2022 sampling campaigns, which included major ions, the stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and also sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). New hydrological insights for the region: A 500-fold improvement in analytical detection limits for SF6 enabled mean residence times (MRTs) to be estimated for the first time for groundwater within the Port Campbell Limestone (PCL). MRTs were within the range of ∼54 to ∼1380 years while the vertical hydraulic conductivity of this strata was estimated to be between 1.8 × 10−1 and 6.1 × 10−3 m/day. The stable isotope data indicate upward groundwater flow along an on-site, steeply dipping fault. The δ34S and δ18O isotopic composition of dissolved sulphate in most of the shallow groundwater samples most likely represents a mixture of rainfall and, to a lesser degree, sea spray, pyrite oxidation and bacterial sulphate reduction. The relatively high hydraulic conductivity values, low MRTs and similarity of stable isotope ratios for most samples relative to meteoric water suggest that groundwater flow rates within the PCL are relatively high.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581825002435CCUSGroundwaterHydrogeochemistryIsotopesSF6Port Campbell Limestone |
| spellingShingle | William Howcroft Kexin Zhang Wendy Timms Groundwater residence times and hydrogeochemical processes in a shallow limestone aquifer overlying a deep-well CO2 injection demonstration site Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies CCUS Groundwater Hydrogeochemistry Isotopes SF6 Port Campbell Limestone |
| title | Groundwater residence times and hydrogeochemical processes in a shallow limestone aquifer overlying a deep-well CO2 injection demonstration site |
| title_full | Groundwater residence times and hydrogeochemical processes in a shallow limestone aquifer overlying a deep-well CO2 injection demonstration site |
| title_fullStr | Groundwater residence times and hydrogeochemical processes in a shallow limestone aquifer overlying a deep-well CO2 injection demonstration site |
| title_full_unstemmed | Groundwater residence times and hydrogeochemical processes in a shallow limestone aquifer overlying a deep-well CO2 injection demonstration site |
| title_short | Groundwater residence times and hydrogeochemical processes in a shallow limestone aquifer overlying a deep-well CO2 injection demonstration site |
| title_sort | groundwater residence times and hydrogeochemical processes in a shallow limestone aquifer overlying a deep well co2 injection demonstration site |
| topic | CCUS Groundwater Hydrogeochemistry Isotopes SF6 Port Campbell Limestone |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581825002435 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT williamhowcroft groundwaterresidencetimesandhydrogeochemicalprocessesinashallowlimestoneaquiferoverlyingadeepwellco2injectiondemonstrationsite AT kexinzhang groundwaterresidencetimesandhydrogeochemicalprocessesinashallowlimestoneaquiferoverlyingadeepwellco2injectiondemonstrationsite AT wendytimms groundwaterresidencetimesandhydrogeochemicalprocessesinashallowlimestoneaquiferoverlyingadeepwellco2injectiondemonstrationsite |