The Interplay between Immune System and Microbiota in Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and alterations of bone microarchitecture, with an increased risk of fractures. It is a multifactorial disorder that is more frequent in postmenopausal women but can be associated to other diseases (inflammatory and metabolic diseases). At pre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3686749 |
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| author | Pietro Locantore Valeria Del Gatto Silvia Gelli Rosa Maria Paragliola Alfredo Pontecorvi |
| author_facet | Pietro Locantore Valeria Del Gatto Silvia Gelli Rosa Maria Paragliola Alfredo Pontecorvi |
| author_sort | Pietro Locantore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and alterations of bone microarchitecture, with an increased risk of fractures. It is a multifactorial disorder that is more frequent in postmenopausal women but can be associated to other diseases (inflammatory and metabolic diseases). At present, several options are available to treat osteoporosis trying to block bone reabsorption and reduce the risk of fracture. Anyway, these drugs have safety and tolerance problems in long-term treatment. Recently, gut microbiota has been highlighted to have strong influence on bone metabolism, becoming a potential new target to modify bone mineral density. Such evidences are mainly based on mouse models, showing an involvement in modulating the interaction between the immune system and bone cells. Germ-free mice represent a basic model to understand the interaction between microbiota, immune system, and bone cells, even though data are controversial. Anyway, such models have unequivocally demonstrated a connection between such systems, even if the mechanism is unclear. Gut microbiota is a complex system that influences calcium and vitamin D absorption and modulates gut permeability, hormonal secretion, and immune response. A key role is played by the T helper 17 lymphocytes, TNF, interleukin 17, and RANK ligand system. Other important pathways include NOD1, NOD2, and Toll-like receptor 5. Prebiotics and probiotics are a wide range of substances and germs that can influence and modify microbiota. Several studies demonstrated actions by different prebiotics and probiotics in different animals, differing according to sex, age, and hormonal status. Data on the effects on humans are poor and controversial. Gut microbiota manipulation appears a possible strategy to prevent and treat osteopenia and/or osteoporosis as well as other possible bone alterations, even though further clinical studies are necessary to identify correct procedures in humans. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e92ae8e28e04d49b910468cf7803082 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-2e92ae8e28e04d49b910468cf78030822025-08-20T03:55:07ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612020-01-01202010.1155/2020/36867493686749The Interplay between Immune System and Microbiota in OsteoporosisPietro Locantore0Valeria Del Gatto1Silvia Gelli2Rosa Maria Paragliola3Alfredo Pontecorvi4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli–IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, ItalyFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli–IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, ItalyFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli–IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, ItalyFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli–IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, ItalyFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli–IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, ItalyOsteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and alterations of bone microarchitecture, with an increased risk of fractures. It is a multifactorial disorder that is more frequent in postmenopausal women but can be associated to other diseases (inflammatory and metabolic diseases). At present, several options are available to treat osteoporosis trying to block bone reabsorption and reduce the risk of fracture. Anyway, these drugs have safety and tolerance problems in long-term treatment. Recently, gut microbiota has been highlighted to have strong influence on bone metabolism, becoming a potential new target to modify bone mineral density. Such evidences are mainly based on mouse models, showing an involvement in modulating the interaction between the immune system and bone cells. Germ-free mice represent a basic model to understand the interaction between microbiota, immune system, and bone cells, even though data are controversial. Anyway, such models have unequivocally demonstrated a connection between such systems, even if the mechanism is unclear. Gut microbiota is a complex system that influences calcium and vitamin D absorption and modulates gut permeability, hormonal secretion, and immune response. A key role is played by the T helper 17 lymphocytes, TNF, interleukin 17, and RANK ligand system. Other important pathways include NOD1, NOD2, and Toll-like receptor 5. Prebiotics and probiotics are a wide range of substances and germs that can influence and modify microbiota. Several studies demonstrated actions by different prebiotics and probiotics in different animals, differing according to sex, age, and hormonal status. Data on the effects on humans are poor and controversial. Gut microbiota manipulation appears a possible strategy to prevent and treat osteopenia and/or osteoporosis as well as other possible bone alterations, even though further clinical studies are necessary to identify correct procedures in humans.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3686749 |
| spellingShingle | Pietro Locantore Valeria Del Gatto Silvia Gelli Rosa Maria Paragliola Alfredo Pontecorvi The Interplay between Immune System and Microbiota in Osteoporosis Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | The Interplay between Immune System and Microbiota in Osteoporosis |
| title_full | The Interplay between Immune System and Microbiota in Osteoporosis |
| title_fullStr | The Interplay between Immune System and Microbiota in Osteoporosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Interplay between Immune System and Microbiota in Osteoporosis |
| title_short | The Interplay between Immune System and Microbiota in Osteoporosis |
| title_sort | interplay between immune system and microbiota in osteoporosis |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3686749 |
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