Against <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection: An Update on Vaccine Development
<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> (<i>C. difficile</i>) is a major pathogen responsible for antibiotic-associated diarrhea, frequently observed in hospital settings. Due to the widespread use of antibiotics, the incidence and severity of <i>C. difficile</i> infectio...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/5/222 |
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| author | Jingyao Wang Qianquan Ma Songhai Tian |
| author_facet | Jingyao Wang Qianquan Ma Songhai Tian |
| author_sort | Jingyao Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> (<i>C. difficile</i>) is a major pathogen responsible for antibiotic-associated diarrhea, frequently observed in hospital settings. Due to the widespread use of antibiotics, the incidence and severity of <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI) are rising across the world. CDI is primarily driven by two homologous protein exotoxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). Other putative virulence factors include binary toxin CDT, surface layer proteins, phosphorylated polysaccharides, and spore coat proteins. These <i>C. difficile</i> virulence factors are potential targets for vaccine development. Although several <i>C. difficile</i> vaccines have entered clinical trials, there is currently no approved vaccine on the market. This review outlines the intoxication mechanism during CDI, emphasizing the potential antigens that can be used for vaccine development. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of research and development of <i>C. difficile</i> vaccines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e8dae8d0e7e40d1b17624bae6126638 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj-art-2e8dae8d0e7e40d1b17624bae61266382025-08-20T01:56:38ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512025-05-0117522210.3390/toxins17050222Against <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection: An Update on Vaccine DevelopmentJingyao Wang0Qianquan Ma1Songhai Tian2State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> (<i>C. difficile</i>) is a major pathogen responsible for antibiotic-associated diarrhea, frequently observed in hospital settings. Due to the widespread use of antibiotics, the incidence and severity of <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI) are rising across the world. CDI is primarily driven by two homologous protein exotoxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). Other putative virulence factors include binary toxin CDT, surface layer proteins, phosphorylated polysaccharides, and spore coat proteins. These <i>C. difficile</i> virulence factors are potential targets for vaccine development. Although several <i>C. difficile</i> vaccines have entered clinical trials, there is currently no approved vaccine on the market. This review outlines the intoxication mechanism during CDI, emphasizing the potential antigens that can be used for vaccine development. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of research and development of <i>C. difficile</i> vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/5/222<i>Clostridioides difficile</i>CDITcdATcdBvaccine development |
| spellingShingle | Jingyao Wang Qianquan Ma Songhai Tian Against <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection: An Update on Vaccine Development Toxins <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> CDI TcdA TcdB vaccine development |
| title | Against <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection: An Update on Vaccine Development |
| title_full | Against <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection: An Update on Vaccine Development |
| title_fullStr | Against <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection: An Update on Vaccine Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Against <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection: An Update on Vaccine Development |
| title_short | Against <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection: An Update on Vaccine Development |
| title_sort | against i clostridioides difficile i infection an update on vaccine development |
| topic | <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> CDI TcdA TcdB vaccine development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/5/222 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jingyaowang againsticlostridioidesdifficileiinfectionanupdateonvaccinedevelopment AT qianquanma againsticlostridioidesdifficileiinfectionanupdateonvaccinedevelopment AT songhaitian againsticlostridioidesdifficileiinfectionanupdateonvaccinedevelopment |