Exploring the inflammatory pathway modulation of Phaleria macrocarpa: evidence from in vitro and in silico studies
Phaleria macrocarpa has been traditionally used in alternative medicine, yet its molecular anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain underexplored. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory potential of P. macrocarpa leaf ethanol extract in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and elucidates its anti-...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Pensoft Publishers
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Pharmacia |
| Online Access: | https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/153095/download/pdf/ |
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| author | Assa’idatus Shofiah Yuyun Ika Christina Dinia Rizqi Dwijayanti Aries Soewondo Nashi Widodo Muhammad Sasmito Djati |
| author_facet | Assa’idatus Shofiah Yuyun Ika Christina Dinia Rizqi Dwijayanti Aries Soewondo Nashi Widodo Muhammad Sasmito Djati |
| author_sort | Assa’idatus Shofiah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phaleria macrocarpa has been traditionally used in alternative medicine, yet its molecular anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain underexplored. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory potential of P. macrocarpa leaf ethanol extract in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and elucidates its anti-inflammatory mechanisms through in silico studies. Cells were treated with the extract at 15, 30, and 60 µg/mL following LPS induction. Nitric oxide (NO) production and cell viability were assessed using the Griess and WST-1 assays, respectively. Flow cytometry quantified inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-1β expression. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to evaluate binding affinity and stability. The extract significantly reduced NO production, with an IC₅₀ value of 18.4 ± 3.1 µg/mL, while maintaining cell viability above 80%. Furthermore, treatment with P. macrocarpa extract significantly suppressed iNOS and IL-1β expression in a dose-dependent manner. Computational studies revealed strong interactions between extract-derived compounds and inflammation-related targets (AKT1, MMP9, PI3KCA, PI3KCG, and PTGS2), with stable molecular dynamics. These findings suggest that P. macrocarpa leaf extract exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e8a657c45bf4319b4075ce525324575 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2603-557X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Pensoft Publishers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmacia |
| spelling | doaj-art-2e8a657c45bf4319b4075ce5253245752025-08-20T04:02:13ZengPensoft PublishersPharmacia2603-557X2025-08-017211410.3897/pharmacia.72.e153095153095Exploring the inflammatory pathway modulation of Phaleria macrocarpa: evidence from in vitro and in silico studiesAssa’idatus Shofiah0Yuyun Ika Christina1Dinia Rizqi Dwijayanti2Aries Soewondo3Nashi Widodo4Muhammad Sasmito Djati5Brawijaya UniversityBrawijaya UniversityBrawijaya UniversityBrawijaya UniversityBrawijaya UniversityBrawijaya UniversityPhaleria macrocarpa has been traditionally used in alternative medicine, yet its molecular anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain underexplored. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory potential of P. macrocarpa leaf ethanol extract in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and elucidates its anti-inflammatory mechanisms through in silico studies. Cells were treated with the extract at 15, 30, and 60 µg/mL following LPS induction. Nitric oxide (NO) production and cell viability were assessed using the Griess and WST-1 assays, respectively. Flow cytometry quantified inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-1β expression. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to evaluate binding affinity and stability. The extract significantly reduced NO production, with an IC₅₀ value of 18.4 ± 3.1 µg/mL, while maintaining cell viability above 80%. Furthermore, treatment with P. macrocarpa extract significantly suppressed iNOS and IL-1β expression in a dose-dependent manner. Computational studies revealed strong interactions between extract-derived compounds and inflammation-related targets (AKT1, MMP9, PI3KCA, PI3KCG, and PTGS2), with stable molecular dynamics. These findings suggest that P. macrocarpa leaf extract exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate.https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/153095/download/pdf/ |
| spellingShingle | Assa’idatus Shofiah Yuyun Ika Christina Dinia Rizqi Dwijayanti Aries Soewondo Nashi Widodo Muhammad Sasmito Djati Exploring the inflammatory pathway modulation of Phaleria macrocarpa: evidence from in vitro and in silico studies Pharmacia |
| title | Exploring the inflammatory pathway modulation of Phaleria macrocarpa: evidence from in vitro and in silico studies |
| title_full | Exploring the inflammatory pathway modulation of Phaleria macrocarpa: evidence from in vitro and in silico studies |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the inflammatory pathway modulation of Phaleria macrocarpa: evidence from in vitro and in silico studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the inflammatory pathway modulation of Phaleria macrocarpa: evidence from in vitro and in silico studies |
| title_short | Exploring the inflammatory pathway modulation of Phaleria macrocarpa: evidence from in vitro and in silico studies |
| title_sort | exploring the inflammatory pathway modulation of phaleria macrocarpa evidence from in vitro and in silico studies |
| url | https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/153095/download/pdf/ |
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