Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity
Antibiotics are the fundamental treatment for bacterial infections. However, they are associated with numerous side effects. Their adverse effects on the immune system are increasingly recognised, with several mechanisms identified. In this review, we focus on their direct effects on cellular immuni...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/11/1034 |
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| author | Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow Mervyn Singer Nishkantha Arulkumaran |
| author_facet | Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow Mervyn Singer Nishkantha Arulkumaran |
| author_sort | Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antibiotics are the fundamental treatment for bacterial infections. However, they are associated with numerous side effects. Their adverse effects on the immune system are increasingly recognised, with several mechanisms identified. In this review, we focus on their direct effects on cellular immunity. We review the effects of antibiotics on mitochondrial function and how they impair specific immune cell functions including chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cytokine production, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte proliferation. Findings are described in a multitude of <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> models. However, their impact on patient immunity and clinical outcomes requires further research. Awareness of the potential adverse effects of antibiotics may improve antimicrobial stewardship. The use of therapeutic drug monitoring may help to reduce dose-dependent effects, which warrants further research. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e882954dc934a829d17dd04c92eae82 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-2e882954dc934a829d17dd04c92eae822025-08-20T02:26:58ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822024-11-011311103410.3390/antibiotics13111034Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular ImmunityTimothy Arthur Chandos Snow0Mervyn Singer1Nishkantha Arulkumaran2Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UKBloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UKBloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UKAntibiotics are the fundamental treatment for bacterial infections. However, they are associated with numerous side effects. Their adverse effects on the immune system are increasingly recognised, with several mechanisms identified. In this review, we focus on their direct effects on cellular immunity. We review the effects of antibiotics on mitochondrial function and how they impair specific immune cell functions including chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cytokine production, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte proliferation. Findings are described in a multitude of <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> models. However, their impact on patient immunity and clinical outcomes requires further research. Awareness of the potential adverse effects of antibiotics may improve antimicrobial stewardship. The use of therapeutic drug monitoring may help to reduce dose-dependent effects, which warrants further research.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/11/1034antimicrobialcritical illnessimmune responseinfectionlymphocytemonocyte |
| spellingShingle | Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow Mervyn Singer Nishkantha Arulkumaran Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity Antibiotics antimicrobial critical illness immune response infection lymphocyte monocyte |
| title | Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity |
| title_full | Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity |
| title_fullStr | Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity |
| title_short | Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity |
| title_sort | antibiotic induced immunosuppression a focus on cellular immunity |
| topic | antimicrobial critical illness immune response infection lymphocyte monocyte |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/11/1034 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT timothyarthurchandossnow antibioticinducedimmunosuppressionafocusoncellularimmunity AT mervynsinger antibioticinducedimmunosuppressionafocusoncellularimmunity AT nishkanthaarulkumaran antibioticinducedimmunosuppressionafocusoncellularimmunity |