Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity

Antibiotics are the fundamental treatment for bacterial infections. However, they are associated with numerous side effects. Their adverse effects on the immune system are increasingly recognised, with several mechanisms identified. In this review, we focus on their direct effects on cellular immuni...

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Main Authors: Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow, Mervyn Singer, Nishkantha Arulkumaran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Antibiotics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/11/1034
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author Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow
Mervyn Singer
Nishkantha Arulkumaran
author_facet Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow
Mervyn Singer
Nishkantha Arulkumaran
author_sort Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow
collection DOAJ
description Antibiotics are the fundamental treatment for bacterial infections. However, they are associated with numerous side effects. Their adverse effects on the immune system are increasingly recognised, with several mechanisms identified. In this review, we focus on their direct effects on cellular immunity. We review the effects of antibiotics on mitochondrial function and how they impair specific immune cell functions including chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cytokine production, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte proliferation. Findings are described in a multitude of <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> models. However, their impact on patient immunity and clinical outcomes requires further research. Awareness of the potential adverse effects of antibiotics may improve antimicrobial stewardship. The use of therapeutic drug monitoring may help to reduce dose-dependent effects, which warrants further research.
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series Antibiotics
spelling doaj-art-2e882954dc934a829d17dd04c92eae822025-08-20T02:26:58ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822024-11-011311103410.3390/antibiotics13111034Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular ImmunityTimothy Arthur Chandos Snow0Mervyn Singer1Nishkantha Arulkumaran2Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UKBloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UKBloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UKAntibiotics are the fundamental treatment for bacterial infections. However, they are associated with numerous side effects. Their adverse effects on the immune system are increasingly recognised, with several mechanisms identified. In this review, we focus on their direct effects on cellular immunity. We review the effects of antibiotics on mitochondrial function and how they impair specific immune cell functions including chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cytokine production, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte proliferation. Findings are described in a multitude of <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> models. However, their impact on patient immunity and clinical outcomes requires further research. Awareness of the potential adverse effects of antibiotics may improve antimicrobial stewardship. The use of therapeutic drug monitoring may help to reduce dose-dependent effects, which warrants further research.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/11/1034antimicrobialcritical illnessimmune responseinfectionlymphocytemonocyte
spellingShingle Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow
Mervyn Singer
Nishkantha Arulkumaran
Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity
Antibiotics
antimicrobial
critical illness
immune response
infection
lymphocyte
monocyte
title Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity
title_full Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity
title_fullStr Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity
title_full_unstemmed Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity
title_short Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression—A Focus on Cellular Immunity
title_sort antibiotic induced immunosuppression a focus on cellular immunity
topic antimicrobial
critical illness
immune response
infection
lymphocyte
monocyte
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/11/1034
work_keys_str_mv AT timothyarthurchandossnow antibioticinducedimmunosuppressionafocusoncellularimmunity
AT mervynsinger antibioticinducedimmunosuppressionafocusoncellularimmunity
AT nishkanthaarulkumaran antibioticinducedimmunosuppressionafocusoncellularimmunity