Multifractal Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of MCM-48 Mesoporous Silica as a Drug Delivery System for Metformin Hydrochloride
<b>Background</b>: This study explored the potential of MCM-48 mesoporous silica matrices as a drug delivery system for metformin hydrochloride, aimed at improving the therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objectives included the synthesis and characterization of MCM-48...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Mousa Sha’at Maria Ignat Liviu Sacarescu Adrian Florin Spac Alexandra Barsan (Bujor) Vlad Ghizdovat Emanuel Nazaretian Catalin Dumitras Maricel Agop Cristina Marcela Rusu Lacramioara Ochiuz |
| author_facet | Mousa Sha’at Maria Ignat Liviu Sacarescu Adrian Florin Spac Alexandra Barsan (Bujor) Vlad Ghizdovat Emanuel Nazaretian Catalin Dumitras Maricel Agop Cristina Marcela Rusu Lacramioara Ochiuz |
| author_sort | Mousa Sha’at |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background</b>: This study explored the potential of MCM-48 mesoporous silica matrices as a drug delivery system for metformin hydrochloride, aimed at improving the therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objectives included the synthesis and characterization of MCM-48, assessment of its drug loading capacity, analysis of drug release profiles under simulated physiological conditions, and the development of a multifractal dynamics-based theoretical framework to model and interpret the release kinetics. <b>Methods</b>: MCM-48 was synthesized using a sol–gel method and characterized by SEM-EDX, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption techniques. Drug loading was performed via adsorption at pH 12 using metformin hydrochloride solutions of 1 mg/mL (P-1) and 3 mg/mL (P-2). In vitro dissolution studies were conducted to evaluate the release profiles in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. A multifractal dynamics model was developed to interpret the release kinetics. <b>Results</b>: SEM-EDX confirmed the uniform distribution of silicon and oxygen, while TEM images revealed a highly ordered cubic mesoporous structure. Nitrogen adsorption analyses showed a high specific surface area of 1325.96 m²/g for unloaded MCM-48, which decreased with drug loading, confirming efficient incorporation of metformin hydrochloride. The loading capacities were 59.788 mg/g (P-1) and 160.978 mg/g (P-2), with efficiencies of 99.65% and 89.43%, respectively. In vitro dissolution studies showed a biphasic release profile: an initial rapid release in gastric conditions followed by sustained release in intestinal fluids, achieving cumulative releases of 92.63% (P-1) and 82.64% (P-2) after 14 hours. The multifractal dynamics-based theoretical release curves closely matched the experimental data. <b>Conclusions</b>: MCM-48 mesoporous silica effectively enhanced metformin delivery, offering a controlled release profile well-suited for type 2 diabetes management. The multifractal theoretical framework provided valuable insights into drug release dynamics, contributing to the advancement of innovative drug delivery systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e7eb4e7d2244818b93e627449b1811a |
| institution | OA Journals |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-2e7eb4e7d2244818b93e627449b1811a2025-08-20T02:00:51ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-12-011212283810.3390/biomedicines12122838Multifractal Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of MCM-48 Mesoporous Silica as a Drug Delivery System for Metformin HydrochlorideMousa Sha’at0Maria Ignat1Liviu Sacarescu2Adrian Florin Spac3Alexandra Barsan (Bujor)4Vlad Ghizdovat5Emanuel Nazaretian6Catalin Dumitras7Maricel Agop8Cristina Marcela Rusu9Lacramioara Ochiuz10Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaLaboratory of Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, ”Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Bv. Carol I, no. 11, 700506 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Inorganic Polymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaBiophysics and Medical Physics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of Machine Manufacturing and Industrial Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of Machine Manufacturing and Industrial Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaPhysics Department, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Prof. Dr. Docent Dimitrie Mangeron Rd., No. 59A, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaPhysics Department, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Prof. Dr. Docent Dimitrie Mangeron Rd., No. 59A, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania<b>Background</b>: This study explored the potential of MCM-48 mesoporous silica matrices as a drug delivery system for metformin hydrochloride, aimed at improving the therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objectives included the synthesis and characterization of MCM-48, assessment of its drug loading capacity, analysis of drug release profiles under simulated physiological conditions, and the development of a multifractal dynamics-based theoretical framework to model and interpret the release kinetics. <b>Methods</b>: MCM-48 was synthesized using a sol–gel method and characterized by SEM-EDX, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption techniques. Drug loading was performed via adsorption at pH 12 using metformin hydrochloride solutions of 1 mg/mL (P-1) and 3 mg/mL (P-2). In vitro dissolution studies were conducted to evaluate the release profiles in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. A multifractal dynamics model was developed to interpret the release kinetics. <b>Results</b>: SEM-EDX confirmed the uniform distribution of silicon and oxygen, while TEM images revealed a highly ordered cubic mesoporous structure. Nitrogen adsorption analyses showed a high specific surface area of 1325.96 m²/g for unloaded MCM-48, which decreased with drug loading, confirming efficient incorporation of metformin hydrochloride. The loading capacities were 59.788 mg/g (P-1) and 160.978 mg/g (P-2), with efficiencies of 99.65% and 89.43%, respectively. In vitro dissolution studies showed a biphasic release profile: an initial rapid release in gastric conditions followed by sustained release in intestinal fluids, achieving cumulative releases of 92.63% (P-1) and 82.64% (P-2) after 14 hours. The multifractal dynamics-based theoretical release curves closely matched the experimental data. <b>Conclusions</b>: MCM-48 mesoporous silica effectively enhanced metformin delivery, offering a controlled release profile well-suited for type 2 diabetes management. The multifractal theoretical framework provided valuable insights into drug release dynamics, contributing to the advancement of innovative drug delivery systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2838mesoporous silicamodified drug deliverymetforminMCM-48diabetes mellitusdissolution tests |
| spellingShingle | Mousa Sha’at Maria Ignat Liviu Sacarescu Adrian Florin Spac Alexandra Barsan (Bujor) Vlad Ghizdovat Emanuel Nazaretian Catalin Dumitras Maricel Agop Cristina Marcela Rusu Lacramioara Ochiuz Multifractal Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of MCM-48 Mesoporous Silica as a Drug Delivery System for Metformin Hydrochloride Biomedicines mesoporous silica modified drug delivery metformin MCM-48 diabetes mellitus dissolution tests |
| title | Multifractal Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of MCM-48 Mesoporous Silica as a Drug Delivery System for Metformin Hydrochloride |
| title_full | Multifractal Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of MCM-48 Mesoporous Silica as a Drug Delivery System for Metformin Hydrochloride |
| title_fullStr | Multifractal Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of MCM-48 Mesoporous Silica as a Drug Delivery System for Metformin Hydrochloride |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multifractal Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of MCM-48 Mesoporous Silica as a Drug Delivery System for Metformin Hydrochloride |
| title_short | Multifractal Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of MCM-48 Mesoporous Silica as a Drug Delivery System for Metformin Hydrochloride |
| title_sort | multifractal analysis and experimental evaluation of mcm 48 mesoporous silica as a drug delivery system for metformin hydrochloride |
| topic | mesoporous silica modified drug delivery metformin MCM-48 diabetes mellitus dissolution tests |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2838 |
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