Theoretical investigation of parallel 63NiO/GaP heterojunction nuclear battery with graphene layer and its time-related performance
Abstract Betavoltaic (BV) batteries are regarded as appealing power sources due to their high energy densities and long lifetimes. However, the low efficiency and maximum output power density of conventional BV batteries due to the self-absorption effect of radioactive sources, which consist of sepa...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91929-6 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849761885528784896 |
|---|---|
| author | Yang Zhao Xinxu Yuan Jingbin Lu Xiaoyi Li Renzhou Zheng Qiming Cui Yu Zhang Haolin Li Xinrui Liu Ke Zhang Haoran Gu Hongyi Tian Chunmiao Han Lei Liang Wei Chen Yugang Zeng |
| author_facet | Yang Zhao Xinxu Yuan Jingbin Lu Xiaoyi Li Renzhou Zheng Qiming Cui Yu Zhang Haolin Li Xinrui Liu Ke Zhang Haoran Gu Hongyi Tian Chunmiao Han Lei Liang Wei Chen Yugang Zeng |
| author_sort | Yang Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Betavoltaic (BV) batteries are regarded as appealing power sources due to their high energy densities and long lifetimes. However, the low efficiency and maximum output power density of conventional BV batteries due to the self-absorption effect of radioactive sources, which consist of separate beta-radioactive sources and semiconductor absorbers, limit their applications. In this work, we optimized and compared six 63NiO-related heterojunction nuclear batteries utilizing Monte Carlo software Geant4 and finite element analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics. The 63NiO-related heterojunction nuclear batteries integrate beta-radioactive sources and semiconductor absorbers to overcome the shortcomings of conventional BV batteries. Furthermore, we proposed a parallel connection structure utilizing graphene electrode layer to connect two 63NiO/GaP heterojunctions based on the optimal one from the six heterojunctions in order to maximize the maximum output power density. The total energy conversion efficiency is 2.68% and the maximum output power density is $$5236.2\hbox { nW}\cdot \hbox {cm}^{-2}$$ of the parallel connection nuclear battery. Finally, we investigated the time-related performance of the parallel connection structure nuclear battery within 200 years. It shows that the maximum output power density decreases from $$5236.2\hbox { nW}\cdot \hbox {cm}^{-2}$$ in the beginning to $$1330.5\hbox { nW}\cdot \hbox {cm}^{-2}$$ at 200 years. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e7e59c4893e4875bb998a407e76f0fc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-2e7e59c4893e4875bb998a407e76f0fc2025-08-20T03:05:53ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-91929-6Theoretical investigation of parallel 63NiO/GaP heterojunction nuclear battery with graphene layer and its time-related performanceYang Zhao0Xinxu Yuan1Jingbin Lu2Xiaoyi Li3Renzhou Zheng4Qiming Cui5Yu Zhang6Haolin Li7Xinrui Liu8Ke Zhang9Haoran Gu10Hongyi Tian11Chunmiao Han12Lei Liang13Wei Chen14Yugang Zeng15College of Physics, Jilin UniversityCollege of Physics, Jilin UniversityCollege of Physics, Jilin UniversityCollege of Physics, Jilin UniversityState Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of SciencesCollege of Physics, Jilin UniversityCollege of Physics, Jilin UniversityCollege of Physics, Jilin UniversityCollege of Physics, Jilin UniversityCollege of Physics, Jilin UniversityCollege of Physics, Jilin UniversityCollege of Physics, Jilin UniversitySchool of Physics, Changchun University of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Betavoltaic (BV) batteries are regarded as appealing power sources due to their high energy densities and long lifetimes. However, the low efficiency and maximum output power density of conventional BV batteries due to the self-absorption effect of radioactive sources, which consist of separate beta-radioactive sources and semiconductor absorbers, limit their applications. In this work, we optimized and compared six 63NiO-related heterojunction nuclear batteries utilizing Monte Carlo software Geant4 and finite element analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics. The 63NiO-related heterojunction nuclear batteries integrate beta-radioactive sources and semiconductor absorbers to overcome the shortcomings of conventional BV batteries. Furthermore, we proposed a parallel connection structure utilizing graphene electrode layer to connect two 63NiO/GaP heterojunctions based on the optimal one from the six heterojunctions in order to maximize the maximum output power density. The total energy conversion efficiency is 2.68% and the maximum output power density is $$5236.2\hbox { nW}\cdot \hbox {cm}^{-2}$$ of the parallel connection nuclear battery. Finally, we investigated the time-related performance of the parallel connection structure nuclear battery within 200 years. It shows that the maximum output power density decreases from $$5236.2\hbox { nW}\cdot \hbox {cm}^{-2}$$ in the beginning to $$1330.5\hbox { nW}\cdot \hbox {cm}^{-2}$$ at 200 years.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91929-6 |
| spellingShingle | Yang Zhao Xinxu Yuan Jingbin Lu Xiaoyi Li Renzhou Zheng Qiming Cui Yu Zhang Haolin Li Xinrui Liu Ke Zhang Haoran Gu Hongyi Tian Chunmiao Han Lei Liang Wei Chen Yugang Zeng Theoretical investigation of parallel 63NiO/GaP heterojunction nuclear battery with graphene layer and its time-related performance Scientific Reports |
| title | Theoretical investigation of parallel 63NiO/GaP heterojunction nuclear battery with graphene layer and its time-related performance |
| title_full | Theoretical investigation of parallel 63NiO/GaP heterojunction nuclear battery with graphene layer and its time-related performance |
| title_fullStr | Theoretical investigation of parallel 63NiO/GaP heterojunction nuclear battery with graphene layer and its time-related performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Theoretical investigation of parallel 63NiO/GaP heterojunction nuclear battery with graphene layer and its time-related performance |
| title_short | Theoretical investigation of parallel 63NiO/GaP heterojunction nuclear battery with graphene layer and its time-related performance |
| title_sort | theoretical investigation of parallel 63nio gap heterojunction nuclear battery with graphene layer and its time related performance |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91929-6 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yangzhao theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT xinxuyuan theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT jingbinlu theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT xiaoyili theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT renzhouzheng theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT qimingcui theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT yuzhang theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT haolinli theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT xinruiliu theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT kezhang theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT haorangu theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT hongyitian theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT chunmiaohan theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT leiliang theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT weichen theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance AT yugangzeng theoreticalinvestigationofparallel63niogapheterojunctionnuclearbatterywithgraphenelayeranditstimerelatedperformance |