Immunological Factors in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Mechanisms, Controversies, and Emerging Therapies

Immunological Factors in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Mechanisms, Controversies, and Emerging Therapies

Immunological factors have gained growing recognition as key contributors to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) after in vitro fertilization (IVF), representing a major challenge in reproductive medicine. RPL affects approximately 1–2% of women trying to conceive naturally and up to 10–15% of those unde...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Efthalia Moustakli, Anastasios Potiris, Athanasios Zikopoulos, Eirini Drakaki, Ioannis Arkoulis, Charikleia Skentou, Ioannis Tsakiridis, Themistoklis Dagklis, Peter Drakakis, Sofoklis Stavros
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Biology
Subjects:
immunological factors
recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)
assisted reproductive technologies (ART)
cytokines
emerging therapies
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/877
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