Video-based Intervention to Reduce Treatment and Outcome Disparities in Adults Living with Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (VIRTUAL): protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Racial and ethnic disparities in post-stroke blood pressure (BP) control persist, and effective interventions to address post-stroke care inequities are needed. We designed a randomized comparative effectiveness trial to evaluate the Video-based Intervention to Reduce Treatment a...

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Main Authors: Munachi Okpala, Chigozirim Izeogu, Mengxi Wang, Charles Green, Gabretta Cooksey, Thuy Nguyen, Sarah Cohen, Latonya Bryant, Daphne C. Hernandez, Elmer V. Bernstam, Michael Gonzales, Rhonda Conyers, Olasimbo Chiadika, Kristin Varacalli, Sean I. Savitz, Jose-Miguel Yamal, Anjail Z. Sharrief
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Trials
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-09003-5
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author Munachi Okpala
Chigozirim Izeogu
Mengxi Wang
Charles Green
Gabretta Cooksey
Thuy Nguyen
Sarah Cohen
Latonya Bryant
Daphne C. Hernandez
Elmer V. Bernstam
Michael Gonzales
Rhonda Conyers
Olasimbo Chiadika
Kristin Varacalli
Sean I. Savitz
Jose-Miguel Yamal
Anjail Z. Sharrief
author_facet Munachi Okpala
Chigozirim Izeogu
Mengxi Wang
Charles Green
Gabretta Cooksey
Thuy Nguyen
Sarah Cohen
Latonya Bryant
Daphne C. Hernandez
Elmer V. Bernstam
Michael Gonzales
Rhonda Conyers
Olasimbo Chiadika
Kristin Varacalli
Sean I. Savitz
Jose-Miguel Yamal
Anjail Z. Sharrief
author_sort Munachi Okpala
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Racial and ethnic disparities in post-stroke blood pressure (BP) control persist, and effective interventions to address post-stroke care inequities are needed. We designed a randomized comparative effectiveness trial to evaluate the Video-based Intervention to Reduce Treatment and Outcome Disparities in Adults Living with Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (VIRTUAL) model of care for post-stroke BP reduction. Methods The study will enroll 534 stroke survivors in a randomized trial to receive either the VIRTUAL intervention or enhanced standard care. Individuals with ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, or transient ischemic attack (TIA) are enrolled before hospital discharge and randomized (1:1) to VIRTUAL or ESC for their post-stroke care. The VIRTUAL care model is a social risk-informed telehealth intervention that incorporates remote BP monitoring and multidisciplinary clinical care from a clinical provider, pharmacist, and social worker. Telehealth (TH) based clinical visits occur 7, 30, 90, and 150 days after hospital discharge with the multidisciplinary care team. Pharmacists monitor and manage BP between telehealth visits for 6 months after enrollment. Patients randomized to ESC receive standard post-stroke follow-up, a BP monitor (without remote capabilities), and pharmacist-engaged care (monthly calls and communication to primary care). The primary outcome is BP control (< 125/75 mmHg) assessed with 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) 6 months after hospital discharge. The secondary outcomes are 24-h ABPM-assessed BP control (< 125/75 mmHg) at 12 months, 6- and 12-month mean systolic and diastolic ambulatory BP, 12-month composite recurrent vascular events, insurance coverage at 3 and 6 months, hospital readmission rates, and acute healthcare utilization (emergency room and urgent care visits) at 3, 6, and 12 months after hospital discharge. Discussion The VIRTUAL care model represents a novel approach to addressing post-stroke BP control disparities. The intervention aims to improve BP control and reduce disparities in a diverse patient population by integrating telehealth with a multidisciplinary team approach and social risk-informed care. Findings from this study will inform evidence-based strategies for enhancing post-stroke care delivery, particularly in underserved populations, and may contribute to reducing healthcare disparities among racial and ethnic groups. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT05264298. Registered on March 3, 2022. URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05264298?cond=stroke&term=virtual%20&rank=2 . Trial status Protocol version 1.5, approved May 15, 2024. Recruitment started on March 29, 2022, and was completed on April 28, 2025.
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spelling doaj-art-2e708d91b1ba469a8d021874b62d862c2025-08-20T04:03:07ZengBMCTrials1745-62152025-08-0126111310.1186/s13063-025-09003-5Video-based Intervention to Reduce Treatment and Outcome Disparities in Adults Living with Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (VIRTUAL): protocol for a randomized controlled trialMunachi Okpala0Chigozirim Izeogu1Mengxi Wang2Charles Green3Gabretta Cooksey4Thuy Nguyen5Sarah Cohen6Latonya Bryant7Daphne C. Hernandez8Elmer V. Bernstam9Michael Gonzales10Rhonda Conyers11Olasimbo Chiadika12Kristin Varacalli13Sean I. Savitz14Jose-Miguel Yamal15Anjail Z. Sharrief16Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston | UTHSC:, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston | UTHSC:, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonDepartment of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston | UTHSC:, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonMcWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, Division of General Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonUTHealth Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonCizik School of Nursing at UTHealth Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Cizik School of NursingMcWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, Division of General Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonUTHealth Houston School of Public Health | UTHSC:, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston UTHealth Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonDepartment of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonInstitute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology at, UTHealth Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonUTHealth Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonAbstract Background Racial and ethnic disparities in post-stroke blood pressure (BP) control persist, and effective interventions to address post-stroke care inequities are needed. We designed a randomized comparative effectiveness trial to evaluate the Video-based Intervention to Reduce Treatment and Outcome Disparities in Adults Living with Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (VIRTUAL) model of care for post-stroke BP reduction. Methods The study will enroll 534 stroke survivors in a randomized trial to receive either the VIRTUAL intervention or enhanced standard care. Individuals with ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, or transient ischemic attack (TIA) are enrolled before hospital discharge and randomized (1:1) to VIRTUAL or ESC for their post-stroke care. The VIRTUAL care model is a social risk-informed telehealth intervention that incorporates remote BP monitoring and multidisciplinary clinical care from a clinical provider, pharmacist, and social worker. Telehealth (TH) based clinical visits occur 7, 30, 90, and 150 days after hospital discharge with the multidisciplinary care team. Pharmacists monitor and manage BP between telehealth visits for 6 months after enrollment. Patients randomized to ESC receive standard post-stroke follow-up, a BP monitor (without remote capabilities), and pharmacist-engaged care (monthly calls and communication to primary care). The primary outcome is BP control (< 125/75 mmHg) assessed with 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) 6 months after hospital discharge. The secondary outcomes are 24-h ABPM-assessed BP control (< 125/75 mmHg) at 12 months, 6- and 12-month mean systolic and diastolic ambulatory BP, 12-month composite recurrent vascular events, insurance coverage at 3 and 6 months, hospital readmission rates, and acute healthcare utilization (emergency room and urgent care visits) at 3, 6, and 12 months after hospital discharge. Discussion The VIRTUAL care model represents a novel approach to addressing post-stroke BP control disparities. The intervention aims to improve BP control and reduce disparities in a diverse patient population by integrating telehealth with a multidisciplinary team approach and social risk-informed care. Findings from this study will inform evidence-based strategies for enhancing post-stroke care delivery, particularly in underserved populations, and may contribute to reducing healthcare disparities among racial and ethnic groups. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT05264298. Registered on March 3, 2022. URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05264298?cond=stroke&term=virtual%20&rank=2 . Trial status Protocol version 1.5, approved May 15, 2024. Recruitment started on March 29, 2022, and was completed on April 28, 2025.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-09003-5Stroke survivorsBlood pressure controlTelehealth interventionHealth disparities
spellingShingle Munachi Okpala
Chigozirim Izeogu
Mengxi Wang
Charles Green
Gabretta Cooksey
Thuy Nguyen
Sarah Cohen
Latonya Bryant
Daphne C. Hernandez
Elmer V. Bernstam
Michael Gonzales
Rhonda Conyers
Olasimbo Chiadika
Kristin Varacalli
Sean I. Savitz
Jose-Miguel Yamal
Anjail Z. Sharrief
Video-based Intervention to Reduce Treatment and Outcome Disparities in Adults Living with Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (VIRTUAL): protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Trials
Stroke survivors
Blood pressure control
Telehealth intervention
Health disparities
title Video-based Intervention to Reduce Treatment and Outcome Disparities in Adults Living with Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (VIRTUAL): protocol for a randomized controlled trial
title_full Video-based Intervention to Reduce Treatment and Outcome Disparities in Adults Living with Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (VIRTUAL): protocol for a randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr Video-based Intervention to Reduce Treatment and Outcome Disparities in Adults Living with Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (VIRTUAL): protocol for a randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed Video-based Intervention to Reduce Treatment and Outcome Disparities in Adults Living with Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (VIRTUAL): protocol for a randomized controlled trial
title_short Video-based Intervention to Reduce Treatment and Outcome Disparities in Adults Living with Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (VIRTUAL): protocol for a randomized controlled trial
title_sort video based intervention to reduce treatment and outcome disparities in adults living with stroke or transient ischemic attack virtual protocol for a randomized controlled trial
topic Stroke survivors
Blood pressure control
Telehealth intervention
Health disparities
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-09003-5
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