Parallel comparison of T cell and B cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of children
Abstract The adenoids and tonsils are important immune organs of the nasopharynx that often become hypertrophic in childhood because of recurrent pathogen infection. However, the differences in the immune microenvironment of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and tonsil hypertrophy (TH) are unclear. Here, we...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58094-w |
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| author | Zihui Yu Ziying Xu Tongtong Fu Shiyu Liu Jinghua Cui Bing Zhang Jieqiong Liang Chong Pang Yuehua Ke Ruikun Wang Zhijie Tang Yagang Gao Bing Du Yanling Feng Hanqing Zhao Guanhua Xue Chao Yan Lin Gan Junxia Feng Zheng Fan Yang Yang Lijuan Huang Shuo Zhao Sun Ying Qinglong Gu Jing Yuan |
| author_facet | Zihui Yu Ziying Xu Tongtong Fu Shiyu Liu Jinghua Cui Bing Zhang Jieqiong Liang Chong Pang Yuehua Ke Ruikun Wang Zhijie Tang Yagang Gao Bing Du Yanling Feng Hanqing Zhao Guanhua Xue Chao Yan Lin Gan Junxia Feng Zheng Fan Yang Yang Lijuan Huang Shuo Zhao Sun Ying Qinglong Gu Jing Yuan |
| author_sort | Zihui Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The adenoids and tonsils are important immune organs of the nasopharynx that often become hypertrophic in childhood because of recurrent pathogen infection. However, the differences in the immune microenvironment of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and tonsil hypertrophy (TH) are unclear. Here, we show the epidemiological characteristics and peripheral blood cell indices of 1209 pediatric patients (1–15 years old) diagnosed with AH, and find that AH is often accompanied by TH and characterized by specific changes in immune cell types. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis show that 12 paired AH and TH samples contain large numbers of B, T cells and some exhausted effector memory CD4+ T cells. Compared with matched TH, AH have more naïve B cells and regulatory CD4+ T cells and less plasma B cells. Weaker antigen presentation and more significant immunosuppression are also observed in AH. In contrast, the number and cytotoxicity of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells decrease with AH grade. These findings will help our understanding of the immune response to nasopharyngeal infection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e6a10bc329d423a99e02d990c68b19a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-2e6a10bc329d423a99e02d990c68b19a2025-08-20T02:17:48ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-04-0116111910.1038/s41467-025-58094-wParallel comparison of T cell and B cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of childrenZihui Yu0Ziying Xu1Tongtong Fu2Shiyu Liu3Jinghua Cui4Bing Zhang5Jieqiong Liang6Chong Pang7Yuehua Ke8Ruikun Wang9Zhijie Tang10Yagang Gao11Bing Du12Yanling Feng13Hanqing Zhao14Guanhua Xue15Chao Yan16Lin Gan17Junxia Feng18Zheng Fan19Yang Yang20Lijuan Huang21Shuo Zhao22Sun Ying23Qinglong Gu24Jing Yuan25Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Otolaryngology, Capital Center For Children’s Health, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Otolaryngology, Capital Center For Children’s Health, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Otolaryngology, Capital Center For Children’s Health, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Otolaryngology, Capital Center For Children’s Health, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of PediatricsAbstract The adenoids and tonsils are important immune organs of the nasopharynx that often become hypertrophic in childhood because of recurrent pathogen infection. However, the differences in the immune microenvironment of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and tonsil hypertrophy (TH) are unclear. Here, we show the epidemiological characteristics and peripheral blood cell indices of 1209 pediatric patients (1–15 years old) diagnosed with AH, and find that AH is often accompanied by TH and characterized by specific changes in immune cell types. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis show that 12 paired AH and TH samples contain large numbers of B, T cells and some exhausted effector memory CD4+ T cells. Compared with matched TH, AH have more naïve B cells and regulatory CD4+ T cells and less plasma B cells. Weaker antigen presentation and more significant immunosuppression are also observed in AH. In contrast, the number and cytotoxicity of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells decrease with AH grade. These findings will help our understanding of the immune response to nasopharyngeal infection.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58094-w |
| spellingShingle | Zihui Yu Ziying Xu Tongtong Fu Shiyu Liu Jinghua Cui Bing Zhang Jieqiong Liang Chong Pang Yuehua Ke Ruikun Wang Zhijie Tang Yagang Gao Bing Du Yanling Feng Hanqing Zhao Guanhua Xue Chao Yan Lin Gan Junxia Feng Zheng Fan Yang Yang Lijuan Huang Shuo Zhao Sun Ying Qinglong Gu Jing Yuan Parallel comparison of T cell and B cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of children Nature Communications |
| title | Parallel comparison of T cell and B cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of children |
| title_full | Parallel comparison of T cell and B cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of children |
| title_fullStr | Parallel comparison of T cell and B cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parallel comparison of T cell and B cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of children |
| title_short | Parallel comparison of T cell and B cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of children |
| title_sort | parallel comparison of t cell and b cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of children |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58094-w |
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