Vortex-induced Rings and Gaps within Protoplanetary Disks
Observations of protoplanetary disks have revealed the presence of both crescent-shaped and ring-like structures in dust continuum emission. These crescents are thought to arise from dust-trapping vortices generated by the Rossby wave instability, which induces density waves akin to those caused by...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9f2c |
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| author | Xiaoyi Ma Pinghui Huang Cong Yu Ruobing Dong |
| author_facet | Xiaoyi Ma Pinghui Huang Cong Yu Ruobing Dong |
| author_sort | Xiaoyi Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Observations of protoplanetary disks have revealed the presence of both crescent-shaped and ring-like structures in dust continuum emission. These crescents are thought to arise from dust-trapping vortices generated by the Rossby wave instability, which induces density waves akin to those caused by planets. These vortices have the potential to create gaps and rings within the disk, resulting from the dissipation of their density waves. We carry out 2D hydrodynamic simulations in the shearing box to investigate vortex–disk interaction. We find that long-lived vortices can produce dust rings and gaps in inviscid discs detectable by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, and a more elongated vortex produces rings at larger separations. Vortex-induced density waves carry over 2 orders of magnitude higher angular momentum flux compared to planet-induced ones that shock at the same location, making the former much more effective at producing dust gaps and rings far away. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e6995a8eb5f4f418b16227fb9e642ff |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-2e6995a8eb5f4f418b16227fb9e642ff2025-08-20T02:08:14ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01979224410.3847/1538-4357/ad9f2cVortex-induced Rings and Gaps within Protoplanetary DisksXiaoyi Ma0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-6895Pinghui Huang1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7575-3176Cong Yu2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0454-7890Ruobing Dong3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9290-7846Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China ; xiaoyima@stu.pku.edu.cn, rbdong@pku.edu.cn; Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria , Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, CanadaSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai 519082, People’s Republic of China; CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area , Zhuhai 519082, People’s Republic of ChinaKavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China ; xiaoyima@stu.pku.edu.cn, rbdong@pku.edu.cn; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria , Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, CanadaObservations of protoplanetary disks have revealed the presence of both crescent-shaped and ring-like structures in dust continuum emission. These crescents are thought to arise from dust-trapping vortices generated by the Rossby wave instability, which induces density waves akin to those caused by planets. These vortices have the potential to create gaps and rings within the disk, resulting from the dissipation of their density waves. We carry out 2D hydrodynamic simulations in the shearing box to investigate vortex–disk interaction. We find that long-lived vortices can produce dust rings and gaps in inviscid discs detectable by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, and a more elongated vortex produces rings at larger separations. Vortex-induced density waves carry over 2 orders of magnitude higher angular momentum flux compared to planet-induced ones that shock at the same location, making the former much more effective at producing dust gaps and rings far away.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9f2cProtoplanetary disksPlanet formation |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoyi Ma Pinghui Huang Cong Yu Ruobing Dong Vortex-induced Rings and Gaps within Protoplanetary Disks The Astrophysical Journal Protoplanetary disks Planet formation |
| title | Vortex-induced Rings and Gaps within Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_full | Vortex-induced Rings and Gaps within Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_fullStr | Vortex-induced Rings and Gaps within Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vortex-induced Rings and Gaps within Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_short | Vortex-induced Rings and Gaps within Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_sort | vortex induced rings and gaps within protoplanetary disks |
| topic | Protoplanetary disks Planet formation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9f2c |
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