Arsenic toxicity in the Drosophila brain at single cell resolution

Arsenic is an ubiquitous environmental toxicant with harmful physiological effects, including neurotoxicity. Modulation of arsenic-induced gene expression in the brain cannot be readily studied in human subjects. However, Drosophila allows quantification of transcriptional responses to neurotoxins a...

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Main Authors: Anurag Chaturvedi, Vijay Shankar, Bibhu Simkhada, Rachel A. Lyman, Patrick Freymuth, Elisabeth Howansky, Katelynne M. Collins, Trudy F. C. Mackay, Robert R. H. Anholt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Toxicology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2025.1636431/full
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author Anurag Chaturvedi
Vijay Shankar
Bibhu Simkhada
Rachel A. Lyman
Patrick Freymuth
Elisabeth Howansky
Katelynne M. Collins
Trudy F. C. Mackay
Robert R. H. Anholt
author_facet Anurag Chaturvedi
Vijay Shankar
Bibhu Simkhada
Rachel A. Lyman
Patrick Freymuth
Elisabeth Howansky
Katelynne M. Collins
Trudy F. C. Mackay
Robert R. H. Anholt
author_sort Anurag Chaturvedi
collection DOAJ
description Arsenic is an ubiquitous environmental toxicant with harmful physiological effects, including neurotoxicity. Modulation of arsenic-induced gene expression in the brain cannot be readily studied in human subjects. However, Drosophila allows quantification of transcriptional responses to neurotoxins at single cell resolution across the entire brain in a single analysis. We exposed Drosophila melanogaster to a chronic dose of NaAsO2 that does not cause rapid lethality and measured survival and negative geotaxis as a proxy of sensorimotor integration. Females survive longer than males but show earlier physiological impairment in climbing ability. Single-nuclei RNA sequencing showed widespread sex-antagonistic transcriptional responses with modulation of gene expression in females biased toward neuronal cell populations and in males toward glial cells. However, differentially expressed genes implicate similar biological pathways. Evolutionary conservation of fundamental processes of the nervous system enabled us to translate arsenic-induced changes in transcript abundances from the Drosophila model to orthologous human neurogenetic networks.
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series Frontiers in Toxicology
spelling doaj-art-2e66e6ea2deb478987871eef7c1e585b2025-08-20T03:28:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Toxicology2673-30802025-07-01710.3389/ftox.2025.16364311636431Arsenic toxicity in the Drosophila brain at single cell resolutionAnurag ChaturvediVijay ShankarBibhu SimkhadaRachel A. LymanPatrick FreymuthElisabeth HowanskyKatelynne M. CollinsTrudy F. C. MackayRobert R. H. AnholtArsenic is an ubiquitous environmental toxicant with harmful physiological effects, including neurotoxicity. Modulation of arsenic-induced gene expression in the brain cannot be readily studied in human subjects. However, Drosophila allows quantification of transcriptional responses to neurotoxins at single cell resolution across the entire brain in a single analysis. We exposed Drosophila melanogaster to a chronic dose of NaAsO2 that does not cause rapid lethality and measured survival and negative geotaxis as a proxy of sensorimotor integration. Females survive longer than males but show earlier physiological impairment in climbing ability. Single-nuclei RNA sequencing showed widespread sex-antagonistic transcriptional responses with modulation of gene expression in females biased toward neuronal cell populations and in males toward glial cells. However, differentially expressed genes implicate similar biological pathways. Evolutionary conservation of fundamental processes of the nervous system enabled us to translate arsenic-induced changes in transcript abundances from the Drosophila model to orthologous human neurogenetic networks.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2025.1636431/fullneurotoxicitysingle cell RNA sequencingbehavioral geneticssexual dimorphismgenetic networks
spellingShingle Anurag Chaturvedi
Vijay Shankar
Bibhu Simkhada
Rachel A. Lyman
Patrick Freymuth
Elisabeth Howansky
Katelynne M. Collins
Trudy F. C. Mackay
Robert R. H. Anholt
Arsenic toxicity in the Drosophila brain at single cell resolution
Frontiers in Toxicology
neurotoxicity
single cell RNA sequencing
behavioral genetics
sexual dimorphism
genetic networks
title Arsenic toxicity in the Drosophila brain at single cell resolution
title_full Arsenic toxicity in the Drosophila brain at single cell resolution
title_fullStr Arsenic toxicity in the Drosophila brain at single cell resolution
title_full_unstemmed Arsenic toxicity in the Drosophila brain at single cell resolution
title_short Arsenic toxicity in the Drosophila brain at single cell resolution
title_sort arsenic toxicity in the drosophila brain at single cell resolution
topic neurotoxicity
single cell RNA sequencing
behavioral genetics
sexual dimorphism
genetic networks
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2025.1636431/full
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