Somatostatin-expressing interneurons induce early NO-driven and late specific astrocyte-mediated vasodilation
Abstract Somatostatin-expressing (SST) interneurons modulate hemodynamic responses both directly and indirectly, but their precise role remains unclear. Here, we investigated the influence of SST interneurons on hemodynamic control in response to optogenetic stimulation of SST neurons and somatosens...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61771-5 |
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| author | Thanh Tan Vo Won Beom Jung Tong Jin Geun Ho Im Soohyun Lee Seong-Gi Kim |
| author_facet | Thanh Tan Vo Won Beom Jung Tong Jin Geun Ho Im Soohyun Lee Seong-Gi Kim |
| author_sort | Thanh Tan Vo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Somatostatin-expressing (SST) interneurons modulate hemodynamic responses both directly and indirectly, but their precise role remains unclear. Here, we investigated the influence of SST interneurons on hemodynamic control in response to optogenetic stimulation of SST neurons and somatosensory stimulation in both awake and anesthetized mice. Prolonged optogenetic stimulation of SST neurons induces fast vasodilation through nitric oxide synthase-expressing neurons that co-express SST, and slow vasodilation mediated by astrocytes. Similar neurovascular coupling mechanisms are observed during prolonged sensory stimulation, which also induces both fast and delayed vasodilation. The delayed vasodilation, mediated by the SST neuron-astrocyte pathway, enhances the specificity of cerebral blood volume (CBV)-weighted fMRI signals to cortical layer 4, as confirmed by chemogenetic inhibition of SST neurons. Our findings indicate that the SST neuron-astrocyte-vascular pathway shapes hemodynamic responses to prolonged stimulation and is critical for achieving high-specificity, laminar-resolution fMRI, which is increasingly pursued in human cognitive studies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e5b5105177d4686ab52599ca4cfbe0f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-2e5b5105177d4686ab52599ca4cfbe0f2025-08-20T03:05:10ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116112210.1038/s41467-025-61771-5Somatostatin-expressing interneurons induce early NO-driven and late specific astrocyte-mediated vasodilationThanh Tan Vo0Won Beom Jung1Tong Jin2Geun Ho Im3Soohyun Lee4Seong-Gi Kim5Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korean Brain Research Institute (KBRI)Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Unit on Functional Neural Circuits, Systems Neurodevelopment Laboratory, National Institutes of HealthCenter for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Abstract Somatostatin-expressing (SST) interneurons modulate hemodynamic responses both directly and indirectly, but their precise role remains unclear. Here, we investigated the influence of SST interneurons on hemodynamic control in response to optogenetic stimulation of SST neurons and somatosensory stimulation in both awake and anesthetized mice. Prolonged optogenetic stimulation of SST neurons induces fast vasodilation through nitric oxide synthase-expressing neurons that co-express SST, and slow vasodilation mediated by astrocytes. Similar neurovascular coupling mechanisms are observed during prolonged sensory stimulation, which also induces both fast and delayed vasodilation. The delayed vasodilation, mediated by the SST neuron-astrocyte pathway, enhances the specificity of cerebral blood volume (CBV)-weighted fMRI signals to cortical layer 4, as confirmed by chemogenetic inhibition of SST neurons. Our findings indicate that the SST neuron-astrocyte-vascular pathway shapes hemodynamic responses to prolonged stimulation and is critical for achieving high-specificity, laminar-resolution fMRI, which is increasingly pursued in human cognitive studies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61771-5 |
| spellingShingle | Thanh Tan Vo Won Beom Jung Tong Jin Geun Ho Im Soohyun Lee Seong-Gi Kim Somatostatin-expressing interneurons induce early NO-driven and late specific astrocyte-mediated vasodilation Nature Communications |
| title | Somatostatin-expressing interneurons induce early NO-driven and late specific astrocyte-mediated vasodilation |
| title_full | Somatostatin-expressing interneurons induce early NO-driven and late specific astrocyte-mediated vasodilation |
| title_fullStr | Somatostatin-expressing interneurons induce early NO-driven and late specific astrocyte-mediated vasodilation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Somatostatin-expressing interneurons induce early NO-driven and late specific astrocyte-mediated vasodilation |
| title_short | Somatostatin-expressing interneurons induce early NO-driven and late specific astrocyte-mediated vasodilation |
| title_sort | somatostatin expressing interneurons induce early no driven and late specific astrocyte mediated vasodilation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61771-5 |
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