A chemical autonomous robotic platform for end-to-end synthesis of nanoparticles

Abstract Traditional nanomaterial development faces inefficiency and unstable results due to labor-intensive trial-and-error methods. To overcome these challenges, we developed a data-driven automated platform integrating artificial intelligence (AI) decision modules with automated experiments. Spec...

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Main Authors: Fan Gao, Hongqiang Li, Zhilong Chen, Yunai Yi, Shihao Nie, Zihao Cheng, Zeming Liu, Yuanfang Guo, Shumin Liu, Qizhen Qin, Zhengjian Li, Lisong Zhang, Han Hu, Cunjin Li, Liang Yang, Yunhong Wang, Guangxu Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62994-2
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author Fan Gao
Hongqiang Li
Zhilong Chen
Yunai Yi
Shihao Nie
Zihao Cheng
Zeming Liu
Yuanfang Guo
Shumin Liu
Qizhen Qin
Zhengjian Li
Lisong Zhang
Han Hu
Cunjin Li
Liang Yang
Yunhong Wang
Guangxu Chen
author_facet Fan Gao
Hongqiang Li
Zhilong Chen
Yunai Yi
Shihao Nie
Zihao Cheng
Zeming Liu
Yuanfang Guo
Shumin Liu
Qizhen Qin
Zhengjian Li
Lisong Zhang
Han Hu
Cunjin Li
Liang Yang
Yunhong Wang
Guangxu Chen
author_sort Fan Gao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Traditional nanomaterial development faces inefficiency and unstable results due to labor-intensive trial-and-error methods. To overcome these challenges, we developed a data-driven automated platform integrating artificial intelligence (AI) decision modules with automated experiments. Specifically, the platform employs a Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) model to retrieve methods/parameters and implements an A* algorithm centered closed-loop optimization process. It achieves optimized diverse nanomaterials (Au, Ag, Cu2O, PdCu) with controlled types, morphologies, and sizes, demonstrating efficiency and repeatability. Using the A* algorithm, we comprehensively optimized synthesis parameters for multi-target Au nanorods (Au NRs) with longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak under 600-900 nm across 735 experiments, and for Au nanospheres (Au NSs)/Ag nanocubes (Ag NCs) in 50 experiments. Reproducibility tests showed deviations in characteristic LSPR peak and full width at half maxima (FWHM) of Au NRs under identical parameters were ≤1.1 nm and ≤ 2.9 nm, respectively. Researchers only need initial script editing and parameter input, significantly reducing human resource requirements. Comparative analysis confirms the A* algorithm outperforms Optuna and Olympus in search efficiency, requiring significantly fewer iterations.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-2e4a0f93aa8e459a9d4eb8201bb3dbba2025-08-20T04:02:56ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-08-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-62994-2A chemical autonomous robotic platform for end-to-end synthesis of nanoparticlesFan Gao0Hongqiang Li1Zhilong Chen2Yunai Yi3Shihao Nie4Zihao Cheng5Zeming Liu6Yuanfang Guo7Shumin Liu8Qizhen Qin9Zhengjian Li10Lisong Zhang11Han Hu12Cunjin Li13Liang Yang14Yunhong Wang15Guangxu Chen16School of Environment and Energy, National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of TechnologyZhuhai Fengze Information Technology Co., Ltd.School of Environment and Energy, National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of TechnologyZhuhai Fengze Information Technology Co., Ltd.School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang UniversitySchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang UniversitySchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang UniversitySchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang UniversitySchool of Environment and Energy, National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of TechnologySchool of Environment and Energy, National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of TechnologySchool of Environment and Energy, National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou Ingenious Laboratory Technology Co., Ltd.Guangzhou Ingenious Laboratory Technology Co., Ltd.Guangzhou Ingenious Laboratory Technology Co., Ltd.School of Artificial Intelligence, Hebei University of TechnologySchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang UniversitySchool of Environment and Energy, National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of TechnologyAbstract Traditional nanomaterial development faces inefficiency and unstable results due to labor-intensive trial-and-error methods. To overcome these challenges, we developed a data-driven automated platform integrating artificial intelligence (AI) decision modules with automated experiments. Specifically, the platform employs a Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) model to retrieve methods/parameters and implements an A* algorithm centered closed-loop optimization process. It achieves optimized diverse nanomaterials (Au, Ag, Cu2O, PdCu) with controlled types, morphologies, and sizes, demonstrating efficiency and repeatability. Using the A* algorithm, we comprehensively optimized synthesis parameters for multi-target Au nanorods (Au NRs) with longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak under 600-900 nm across 735 experiments, and for Au nanospheres (Au NSs)/Ag nanocubes (Ag NCs) in 50 experiments. Reproducibility tests showed deviations in characteristic LSPR peak and full width at half maxima (FWHM) of Au NRs under identical parameters were ≤1.1 nm and ≤ 2.9 nm, respectively. Researchers only need initial script editing and parameter input, significantly reducing human resource requirements. Comparative analysis confirms the A* algorithm outperforms Optuna and Olympus in search efficiency, requiring significantly fewer iterations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62994-2
spellingShingle Fan Gao
Hongqiang Li
Zhilong Chen
Yunai Yi
Shihao Nie
Zihao Cheng
Zeming Liu
Yuanfang Guo
Shumin Liu
Qizhen Qin
Zhengjian Li
Lisong Zhang
Han Hu
Cunjin Li
Liang Yang
Yunhong Wang
Guangxu Chen
A chemical autonomous robotic platform for end-to-end synthesis of nanoparticles
Nature Communications
title A chemical autonomous robotic platform for end-to-end synthesis of nanoparticles
title_full A chemical autonomous robotic platform for end-to-end synthesis of nanoparticles
title_fullStr A chemical autonomous robotic platform for end-to-end synthesis of nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed A chemical autonomous robotic platform for end-to-end synthesis of nanoparticles
title_short A chemical autonomous robotic platform for end-to-end synthesis of nanoparticles
title_sort chemical autonomous robotic platform for end to end synthesis of nanoparticles
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62994-2
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