Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults with Bronchial Asthma with and without Previous COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study
Introduction: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a validated, non invasive measure of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) function. Both bronchial asthma and post Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) syndrome are independently associated with autonomic dysregulation. However, the combined impact of asthma an...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2025-08-01
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| author | Gunaseelan Deivendran Thamarai Selvi Kanagaraj Bhavisha Sreenivasan Leelabai Nalini Jayanthi Saravanan Ayyavoo |
| author_facet | Gunaseelan Deivendran Thamarai Selvi Kanagaraj Bhavisha Sreenivasan Leelabai Nalini Jayanthi Saravanan Ayyavoo |
| author_sort | Gunaseelan Deivendran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a validated, non invasive measure of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) function. Both bronchial asthma and post Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) syndrome are independently associated with autonomic dysregulation. However, the combined impact of asthma and prior COVID-19 infection on HRV in young adults remains underexplored.
Aim: To compare HRV parameters between young adult bronchial asthma patients with and without a history of COVID-19, and assess the extent of autonomic dysfunction attributable to COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 bronchial asthma patients aged 20-40 years, equally divided into two groups based on COVID-19 history. Standardised HRV recordings were obtained in the supine position following a 15-minute rest period. HRV was assessed using time domain indices- Standard Deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) and Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD)- and frequency domain indices- Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF), and LF to HF ratio (LF/HF ratio)- using Kubios HRV software. Haemodynamic parameters including Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and Pulse Rate (PR) were also compared. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and independent t-tests, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Asthma patients with prior COVID-19 infection demonstrated significantly higher DBP (84.48±7.38 vs. 79.12±6.22 mmHg; p<0.001) and PR (88.38±10.48 vs. 79.88±9.74 bpm; p<0.001). HRV analysis revealed significantly lower SDNN (30.18±5.18 vs. 33.54±6.27 ms; p=0.002), RMSSD (23.80±4.72 vs. 28.00±5.54 ms; p<0.001), and HF power (92.54±11.67 vs. 115.48±17.53 ms2; p<0.001) in the post COVID group, along with elevated LF power (232.76±24.62 vs. 193.32±20.28 ms2; p<0.001) and LF/HF ratio (2.52±0.32 vs. 1.67±0.23; p<0.001), suggesting heightened sympathetic activity and reduced vagal modulation.
Conclusion: Asthma patients with prior COVID-19 infection exhibit significant autonomic dysfunction marked by reduced parasympathetic modulation and heightened sympathetic dominance. These findings highlight the importance of cardiovascular autonomic assessment in asthma patients recovering from COVID-19, particularly for early identification of dysautonomia and cardiovascular risk stratification. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e36f324e3b34861b4ef396d1f88abf6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-2e36f324e3b34861b4ef396d1f88abf62025-08-20T04:00:28ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2025-08-01198CC01CC0410.7860/JCDR/2025/80811.21359Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults with Bronchial Asthma with and without Previous COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional StudyGunaseelan Deivendran0Thamarai Selvi Kanagaraj1Bhavisha Sreenivasan Leelabai2Nalini Jayanthi3Saravanan Ayyavoo4Postgraduate, Department of Physiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.Professor, Department of Physiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.Postgraduate, Department of Physiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.Professor and Head, Department of Physiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.Introduction: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a validated, non invasive measure of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) function. Both bronchial asthma and post Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) syndrome are independently associated with autonomic dysregulation. However, the combined impact of asthma and prior COVID-19 infection on HRV in young adults remains underexplored. Aim: To compare HRV parameters between young adult bronchial asthma patients with and without a history of COVID-19, and assess the extent of autonomic dysfunction attributable to COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 bronchial asthma patients aged 20-40 years, equally divided into two groups based on COVID-19 history. Standardised HRV recordings were obtained in the supine position following a 15-minute rest period. HRV was assessed using time domain indices- Standard Deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) and Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD)- and frequency domain indices- Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF), and LF to HF ratio (LF/HF ratio)- using Kubios HRV software. Haemodynamic parameters including Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and Pulse Rate (PR) were also compared. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and independent t-tests, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Asthma patients with prior COVID-19 infection demonstrated significantly higher DBP (84.48±7.38 vs. 79.12±6.22 mmHg; p<0.001) and PR (88.38±10.48 vs. 79.88±9.74 bpm; p<0.001). HRV analysis revealed significantly lower SDNN (30.18±5.18 vs. 33.54±6.27 ms; p=0.002), RMSSD (23.80±4.72 vs. 28.00±5.54 ms; p<0.001), and HF power (92.54±11.67 vs. 115.48±17.53 ms2; p<0.001) in the post COVID group, along with elevated LF power (232.76±24.62 vs. 193.32±20.28 ms2; p<0.001) and LF/HF ratio (2.52±0.32 vs. 1.67±0.23; p<0.001), suggesting heightened sympathetic activity and reduced vagal modulation. Conclusion: Asthma patients with prior COVID-19 infection exhibit significant autonomic dysfunction marked by reduced parasympathetic modulation and heightened sympathetic dominance. These findings highlight the importance of cardiovascular autonomic assessment in asthma patients recovering from COVID-19, particularly for early identification of dysautonomia and cardiovascular risk stratification.https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2025&month=August&volume=19&issue=8&page=CC01-CC04&id=21359autonomic nervous system diseasescardiovascular physiological phenomenacoronavirus disease 2019sympathetic nervous system |
| spellingShingle | Gunaseelan Deivendran Thamarai Selvi Kanagaraj Bhavisha Sreenivasan Leelabai Nalini Jayanthi Saravanan Ayyavoo Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults with Bronchial Asthma with and without Previous COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research autonomic nervous system diseases cardiovascular physiological phenomena coronavirus disease 2019 sympathetic nervous system |
| title | Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults with Bronchial Asthma with and without Previous COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_full | Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults with Bronchial Asthma with and without Previous COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults with Bronchial Asthma with and without Previous COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults with Bronchial Asthma with and without Previous COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_short | Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults with Bronchial Asthma with and without Previous COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_sort | heart rate variability in young adults with bronchial asthma with and without previous covid 19 infection a cross sectional study |
| topic | autonomic nervous system diseases cardiovascular physiological phenomena coronavirus disease 2019 sympathetic nervous system |
| url | https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2025&month=August&volume=19&issue=8&page=CC01-CC04&id=21359 |
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