Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil

Weathering processes of rocks lead to the formation of residual soil layers, which are typically characterized by a deep groundwater table and a thick unsaturated zone. Hence, the calculation of a slope’s safety factor under the influences of climatic circumstances is a function of unsaturated chara...

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Main Authors: Saltanat Orazayeva, Alfrendo Satyanaga, Yongmin Kim, Harianto Rahardjo, Zhai Qian, Sung-Woo Moon, Jong Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/10938
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author Saltanat Orazayeva
Alfrendo Satyanaga
Yongmin Kim
Harianto Rahardjo
Zhai Qian
Sung-Woo Moon
Jong Kim
author_facet Saltanat Orazayeva
Alfrendo Satyanaga
Yongmin Kim
Harianto Rahardjo
Zhai Qian
Sung-Woo Moon
Jong Kim
author_sort Saltanat Orazayeva
collection DOAJ
description Weathering processes of rocks lead to the formation of residual soil layers, which are typically characterized by a deep groundwater table and a thick unsaturated zone. Hence, the calculation of a slope’s safety factor under the influences of climatic circumstances is a function of unsaturated characteristics, such as the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC). To determine the SWCC, the volume of the soil specimen must be determined in order to compute the void ratio and degree of saturation. The drying processes of the soil specimen led to uneven soil volume change during laboratory SWCC testing, demanding the development of a soil shrinkage curve. Several methods for measuring soil volume change have been developed over the years. However, there are significant limitations, and it is rarely used due to the difficulty linked to accurately measuring the soil volume during drying processes. In this study, a revised scanning approach is developed to evaluate residual soil volume change utilizing 3D scanning technology. The proposed method is applied in a case study on residual soil from the Old Alluvium in Singapore. The laboratory data and analysis results suggested that 3D scanning technology should be required to provide a correct estimation of the air-entry value of soil.
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issn 2076-3417
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publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-2e33f4ca91c24f348cdafe5fa9c008452025-08-20T01:55:34ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-11-0114231093810.3390/app142310938Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual SoilSaltanat Orazayeva0Alfrendo Satyanaga1Yongmin Kim2Harianto Rahardjo3Zhai Qian4Sung-Woo Moon5Jong Kim6Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UKSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, SingaporeSchool of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, ChinaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanWeathering processes of rocks lead to the formation of residual soil layers, which are typically characterized by a deep groundwater table and a thick unsaturated zone. Hence, the calculation of a slope’s safety factor under the influences of climatic circumstances is a function of unsaturated characteristics, such as the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC). To determine the SWCC, the volume of the soil specimen must be determined in order to compute the void ratio and degree of saturation. The drying processes of the soil specimen led to uneven soil volume change during laboratory SWCC testing, demanding the development of a soil shrinkage curve. Several methods for measuring soil volume change have been developed over the years. However, there are significant limitations, and it is rarely used due to the difficulty linked to accurately measuring the soil volume during drying processes. In this study, a revised scanning approach is developed to evaluate residual soil volume change utilizing 3D scanning technology. The proposed method is applied in a case study on residual soil from the Old Alluvium in Singapore. The laboratory data and analysis results suggested that 3D scanning technology should be required to provide a correct estimation of the air-entry value of soil.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/10938soil–water characteristic curve3D scanshrinkage curveresidual soilunsaturated soil
spellingShingle Saltanat Orazayeva
Alfrendo Satyanaga
Yongmin Kim
Harianto Rahardjo
Zhai Qian
Sung-Woo Moon
Jong Kim
Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil
Applied Sciences
soil–water characteristic curve
3D scan
shrinkage curve
residual soil
unsaturated soil
title Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil
title_full Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil
title_fullStr Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil
title_full_unstemmed Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil
title_short Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil
title_sort advanced scanning technology for volume change measurement of residual soil
topic soil–water characteristic curve
3D scan
shrinkage curve
residual soil
unsaturated soil
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/10938
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AT yongminkim advancedscanningtechnologyforvolumechangemeasurementofresidualsoil
AT hariantorahardjo advancedscanningtechnologyforvolumechangemeasurementofresidualsoil
AT zhaiqian advancedscanningtechnologyforvolumechangemeasurementofresidualsoil
AT sungwoomoon advancedscanningtechnologyforvolumechangemeasurementofresidualsoil
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