TMAO and the gut microbiome: implications for the CVD-CKD-IBD axis
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite produced by the gut microbiome from dietary nutrients such as choline and carnitine. Recent research has found that TMAO is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and, more recently, inflammatory bowel disease...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Annals of Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2522324 |
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| author | Si Hyoung Kim Mi Young Yoon Sang Sun Yoon |
| author_facet | Si Hyoung Kim Mi Young Yoon Sang Sun Yoon |
| author_sort | Si Hyoung Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite produced by the gut microbiome from dietary nutrients such as choline and carnitine. Recent research has found that TMAO is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and, more recently, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although TMAO is linked to conditions characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis and gut microbiome imbalances, its exact role in disease development remains unclear. This review examines TMAO’s potential role as a key link in the IBD-CKD-CVD disease spectrum. Highlighting the importance of limiting TMAO production, we propose several promising strategies to achieve its reduction. Specifically, we focus on microbiome therapies as innovative methods for managing TMAO levels. This approach offers a hopeful avenue for addressing the complex interplay between gut health and systemic chronic human diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e33ade03bde4edfb203cc2c8aec0292 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0785-3890 1365-2060 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annals of Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-2e33ade03bde4edfb203cc2c8aec02922025-08-20T02:23:57ZengTaylor & Francis GroupAnnals of Medicine0785-38901365-20602025-12-0157110.1080/07853890.2025.2522324TMAO and the gut microbiome: implications for the CVD-CKD-IBD axisSi Hyoung Kim0Mi Young Yoon1Sang Sun Yoon2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaTrimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite produced by the gut microbiome from dietary nutrients such as choline and carnitine. Recent research has found that TMAO is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and, more recently, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although TMAO is linked to conditions characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis and gut microbiome imbalances, its exact role in disease development remains unclear. This review examines TMAO’s potential role as a key link in the IBD-CKD-CVD disease spectrum. Highlighting the importance of limiting TMAO production, we propose several promising strategies to achieve its reduction. Specifically, we focus on microbiome therapies as innovative methods for managing TMAO levels. This approach offers a hopeful avenue for addressing the complex interplay between gut health and systemic chronic human diseases.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2522324Trimethylamine N-oxidecardiovascular diseasechronic kidney diseaseinflammatory bowel diseasemicrobiome |
| spellingShingle | Si Hyoung Kim Mi Young Yoon Sang Sun Yoon TMAO and the gut microbiome: implications for the CVD-CKD-IBD axis Annals of Medicine Trimethylamine N-oxide cardiovascular disease chronic kidney disease inflammatory bowel disease microbiome |
| title | TMAO and the gut microbiome: implications for the CVD-CKD-IBD axis |
| title_full | TMAO and the gut microbiome: implications for the CVD-CKD-IBD axis |
| title_fullStr | TMAO and the gut microbiome: implications for the CVD-CKD-IBD axis |
| title_full_unstemmed | TMAO and the gut microbiome: implications for the CVD-CKD-IBD axis |
| title_short | TMAO and the gut microbiome: implications for the CVD-CKD-IBD axis |
| title_sort | tmao and the gut microbiome implications for the cvd ckd ibd axis |
| topic | Trimethylamine N-oxide cardiovascular disease chronic kidney disease inflammatory bowel disease microbiome |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2522324 |
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