Time course of indirect reply comprehension in the young and older adults: an event-related potential study

IntroductionIn verbal communication, speakers often use implicit utterances that need listeners to interpret via pragmatic inference. As individuals age, their ability to make efficient and accurate pragmatic inferences may decline, leading to communication difficulties.ObjectivesThis study examined...

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Main Authors: Wangshu Feng, Xiaokun Zhang, Weijuan Wang, Lin Fan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1578192/full
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author Wangshu Feng
Xiaokun Zhang
Weijuan Wang
Lin Fan
author_facet Wangshu Feng
Xiaokun Zhang
Weijuan Wang
Lin Fan
author_sort Wangshu Feng
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionIn verbal communication, speakers often use implicit utterances that need listeners to interpret via pragmatic inference. As individuals age, their ability to make efficient and accurate pragmatic inferences may decline, leading to communication difficulties.ObjectivesThis study examined the cognitive aging phenomenon of pragmatic inference and its neural mechanisms using EEG recordings.MethodsParticipants were presented with dialogues involving direct and indirect replies and were required to judge the speaker's intended meaning based on the context.ResultsYounger participants outperformed older participants in task accuracy for indirect replies. Both groups exhibited an increased N400 for indirect replies in the late stages of reply presentation. However, younger participants exhibited greater N400 effects in the early and middle stages, something notably absent in older participants.ConclusionThese findings suggest that older adults have a reduced ability to make pragmatic inferences, likely due to difficulties in dynamically enriching semantic content in real-time speech.
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spelling doaj-art-2e2adbf249de440daa34d8c62bd318a72025-08-20T03:28:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-07-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15781921578192Time course of indirect reply comprehension in the young and older adults: an event-related potential studyWangshu Feng0Xiaokun Zhang1Weijuan Wang2Lin Fan3Artificial Intelligence and Human Languages Lab, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, ChinaNational Research Centre for Foreign Language Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Foreign Languages, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaNational Research Centre for Foreign Language Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, ChinaIntroductionIn verbal communication, speakers often use implicit utterances that need listeners to interpret via pragmatic inference. As individuals age, their ability to make efficient and accurate pragmatic inferences may decline, leading to communication difficulties.ObjectivesThis study examined the cognitive aging phenomenon of pragmatic inference and its neural mechanisms using EEG recordings.MethodsParticipants were presented with dialogues involving direct and indirect replies and were required to judge the speaker's intended meaning based on the context.ResultsYounger participants outperformed older participants in task accuracy for indirect replies. Both groups exhibited an increased N400 for indirect replies in the late stages of reply presentation. However, younger participants exhibited greater N400 effects in the early and middle stages, something notably absent in older participants.ConclusionThese findings suggest that older adults have a reduced ability to make pragmatic inferences, likely due to difficulties in dynamically enriching semantic content in real-time speech.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1578192/fullpragmatic inferencecognitive agingERPN400working memory
spellingShingle Wangshu Feng
Xiaokun Zhang
Weijuan Wang
Lin Fan
Time course of indirect reply comprehension in the young and older adults: an event-related potential study
Frontiers in Psychology
pragmatic inference
cognitive aging
ERP
N400
working memory
title Time course of indirect reply comprehension in the young and older adults: an event-related potential study
title_full Time course of indirect reply comprehension in the young and older adults: an event-related potential study
title_fullStr Time course of indirect reply comprehension in the young and older adults: an event-related potential study
title_full_unstemmed Time course of indirect reply comprehension in the young and older adults: an event-related potential study
title_short Time course of indirect reply comprehension in the young and older adults: an event-related potential study
title_sort time course of indirect reply comprehension in the young and older adults an event related potential study
topic pragmatic inference
cognitive aging
ERP
N400
working memory
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1578192/full
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